Abstract: A semiconductor device such as an IGBT having trench gates in a form of stripes, and manufacturing method, wherein concentration of stresses in only a single direction is relieved and the generation of a leakage current and crystal defects in the IGBT is prevented. In one embodiment, the inside of a terminal area of an IGBT is divided into a single gate pad area and plural element areas by a wiring area. The respective element areas are arranged in such a manner that the directions of trench gates formed in the respective element areas cross at right angles with respect to the directions of trench gates of respective adjacent element areas.

Abstract: Provided is a printer for a wrapping material making it possible to record time data such as the date and time when an article was wrapped on the surface of the wrapping material for wrapping the article. This printer comprises a wrapping material storing section for storing a wrap film, which is a wrapping material for wrapping an article, a clock means for measuring time to generate time data, and an output means for recording the time data on the surface of the wrap film. When the wrap film is discharged from the wrapping material storing section, the output means records the time data on the surface of the wrap film. Therefore, on the wrap film with which the article such as a food is wrapped, the time data, for example, the date and time when this food was wrapped are recorded. Thus, a user can certainly check the date and time of the wrapping.

Abstract: Developing devices are provided adjacent to a light sensitive element. An intermediate transfer drum is provided adjacent to the light sensitive elements. After exposure of the light sensitive element, a first color or third color image is formed on the light sensitive element. On the other hand, after exposure of the light sensitive element, a second color or fourth color image can be formed on the light sensitive element. The first color image is transferred from the transfer unit to the intermediate transfer drum at the first transfer portion, and the second color image is transferred from the transfer unit at the second transfer portion so as to be superimposed on the first color image. Similarly, the third color image is transferred so as to be superimposed on the second image and the fourth color image is transferred so as to be superimposed on the third color image to the intermediate transfer drum. Accordingly, the first to fourth color images are superimposed.

Abstract: A data-processing system consisting of a portable terminal device and a copying machine can effectively work with protection against breakage of data stored in the terminal device. The data-processing system is constructed to work on the following principle: When a given period is measured by a timer for starting the power saving mode, a portable terminal device provides a copying machine with a signal informing of starting the power-saving mode. The copying machine, which received the power-saving-mode starting signal, provides in later the portable terminal device a signal requiring the terminal to cancel the power-saving-mode. When a given period is measured by a timer for starting the power saving mode, the copying machine provides the portable terminal device with a signal requiring the terminal device to start the power-saving mode. A CPU, which received information on request of power-saving-mode, executes the power saving mode.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus includes: an image forming portion having a multiple image forming stations each forming a color separated image; a transfer device for superimposing and transferring color separated images; a pattern image forming device for forming a predetermined pattern image; a pattern image density measuring device for measuring the density of the pattern image. In this configuration, the pattern image is formed so as to be greater than the measuring area of the pattern image density measuring device and is formed of multiple lines having a line width and a line spacing so that any part of the pattern image within the measuring area will produce an approximately constant measured density value.

Abstract: An image data input portion captures one line of data. The captured RGB data is color-converted into image information of a different set of colors, through the image processing portion. The converted data is written at a set up address on an HD. One page of image information is written onto the HD whilst the HD's address is sequentially incremented by 2. When two colors of data need to be retrieved in parallel from the HD, the data of the colors can be alternately written in. A CPU controls tandem recording units Pa, Pb, Pc and Pd so as to perform printing of respective colors, with a time shift one to the next of a period equal to the pitch of photoreceptor recording units.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to reduce a f.theta. correction error by correcting an error of an object scanning speed which is produced because a reflecting point of a laser beam moves on a polygon mirror. In an inventive laser scanner, laser light emitted from a laser oscillator is condensed into a beam by a condenser lens at first. This laser beam is reflected by a polygon mirror rotated by a scanning section and is reflected again to a photoreceptor by a curved reflecting mirror. A curved profile of a reflecting plane of the curved reflecting mirror in the main scanning direction is formed so as to be asymmetrical on right and left bounding about a scanning center point. Thereby, variation of speed for scanning the curved reflecting mirror by the light reflected by the polygon mirror may be canceled by the curved reflecting mirror and a speed for scanning the object may be fixed almost at a predetermined speed.

Abstract: Developing devices are provided adjacent to a light sensitive element. An intermediate transfer drum is provided adjacent to the light sensitive elements. After exposure of the light sensitive element, a first color or third color image is formed on the light sensitive element. On the other hand, after exposure of the light sensitive element, a second color or fourth color image can be formed on the light sensitive element. The first color image is transferred from the transfer unit to the intermediate transfer drum at the first transfer portion, and the second color image is transferred from the transfer unit at the second transfer portion so as to be superimposed on the first color image. Similarly, the third color image is transferred so as to be superimposed on the second image and the fourth color image is transferred so as to be superimposed on the third color image to the intermediate transfer drum. Accordingly, the first to fourth color images are superimposed.

Abstract: Since the paper entry guide is disposed below and in close proximity to a fixing belt, the leading edge of recording paper can become wavy or curled when operated in a high temperature, high humidity environment or when printing on the reverse side of the paper in double-sided print mode, and this has lead to the problem that the leading edge of the recording paper after transfer is not properly inserted in the narrow spacing between the paper entry guide and the fixing belt, resulting in a recording paper jam. A fixing device comprises a fixing belt stretched around a heating roller with a heat source contained therein and a fixing roller, a pressing roller for pressing the fixing roller from below via the fixing belt, and a paper entry guide disposed below and in close proximity to the fixing belt and upstream of a nipping portion composed of the fixing belt and the pressing roller. The paper entry guide is pivotably supported on a fulcrum.

Abstract: In the present invention, by virtue of heat buffer plates respectively located on the major surfaces of IGBT chips and FRD chips arranged in a single plane, the total thickness of each chip and a corresponding one of the heat can be set to a substantially predetermined value. A thickness-correcting member having elongated projections corresponding to the chips is provided on those surfaces of the heat buffer plates which is remote from the chips. A heat buffer disk plate is provided on those surfaces of the chips which are opposite to the major surfaces thereof. The thickness-correcting member, the heat buffer plates and the IGBT and FRD chips are held and simultaneously pressed between an emitter press-contact electrode plate and a collector press-contact electrode plate.

Abstract: An intermediate transfer drum has at least a drum main body having a volume resistivity of 10.sup.4 to 10.sup.8 .OMEGA.cm, and an insulating layer provided on an outer surface of the drum main body. A first transfer voltage applying roller is provided inside the intermediate transfer drum so as to be opposite to a photosensitive drum and so as to be in contact with an inner surface of the intermediate transfer drum. A transfer roller is provided inside the intermediate transfer drum so as to be opposite to a second transfer grounded roller and so as to be in contact with the inner surface of the intermediate transfer drum. By thus arranging an image forming apparatus wherein image formation is carried out with respect to recording paper through the intermediate transfer drum, an optimal first transfer voltage can be applied from the photosensitive drum to the intermediate transfer drum, while an optimal second transfer voltage can be applied from the intermediate transfer drum to the recording medium.

Abstract: A reverse conducting gate-turnoff thyristor includes a switching device section, a diode section, and an isolating section located between the switching device section and the diode section. The isolating section includes an impurity layer formed by controlling impurity diffusion and having an impurity concentration lower than those of the switching device section and the diode section.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided with a photoreceptor, and an exposure device for exposing the photoreceptor based on image data so as to form an electrostatic latent image on the photoreceptor. The exposure device has a plurality of light emitting devices aligned along a main scanning direction of the photoreceptor, the respective light emitting devices having a plurality of luminescence portions, and a light emitting device driver for applying a voltage to the respective luminescence portions so that the luminescence area of the light emitting device increases step by step whenever the applied voltage increases by a predetermined voltage based on the image data. With the arrangement, tone expression is realized in the electrostatic latent image, according to the size of the luminescence area of the respective light emitting devices, which can be controlled by the voltage applied to the respective light emitting devices based on the image data.

Abstract: A system for measuring the motion amount of laboratory animals includes a main body having a single central processing unit installed, a single frame set to surround an animal in a bounded area, optical sensor light-emitting elements and optical sensor light-receiving elements disposed on opposite sides of the frame. The optical sensor light-emitting elements sequentially emit optical beams such that the light-emitting elements do not simultaneously emit optical beams, the optical beams being received by corresponding light-receiving elements when the emitted optical beams are not obstructed so as to detect the location and movements of the laboratory animal.

Abstract: A signal input device which includes an operation panel having an input area in which data are input by touching the operation panel, a plurality of sensors located at different places on the operation panel, the sensors receiving vibrations propagated from a touched point on the operation panel, a detection circuit for detecting times at which the sensors receive the vibrations, an arithmetic means for identifying the position of the touched point, a memory means for storing numerical values whereby the input area is divided into a plurality of minor areas, and means for judging which minor areas the touched points belong to, on the basis of the arithmetic results of the numerical values and data about the positions of the touched points.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and a method for operating the same includes a first P-type semiconductor layer and a first N-type semiconductor layer provided thereon. A plurality of second P-type semiconductor layers and a plurality of third P-type semiconductor layers are formed on the surface of the first N-type semiconductor layer. A plurality of second N-type semiconductor layers are formed on their respective surfaces of the third P-type semiconductor layers. Emitter electrodes are provided on the second P-type semiconductor layers and second N-type semiconductor layers. A plurality of first gate electrodes is each provided above the first N-type semiconductor layer between the adjacent third P-type semiconductor layers. A plurality of second gate electrodes are each provided above the first N-type semi-conductor layer between the second P-type semiconductor layer and the third P-type semiconductor layer. A collector electrode is provided under the first P-type semiconductor layer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring the motion amount of a laboratory animal. The apparatus includes a main body having a central processing unit therein, and a first and a second frame set to surround a laboratory animal in a bounded area. Each frame includes an optical sensor light-emitting element and an optical sensor light-receiving element. The optical sensor light-emitting element is disposed so as to oppose the optical sensor light-receiving element. The optical sensor light-emitting elements on the first and second frames sequentially emit optical beams such that the light-emitting elements do not emit optical beams at the same time. The light-receiving elements on the first and second frames receive those emitted optical beams which are not obstructed by the laboratory animal so as to detect the location and movements of the laboratory animal. According to the method, the movement amount, complete standing actions, and incomplete standing actions of the laboratory animal are measured via.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus is provided with a fixing device having the first through third fixing rollers for forming the first fixing section by contacting the first and second fixing rollers as well as forming the second fixing section by contacting the second and third fixing rollers, the first fixing section being temperature-adjusted in relation to a first copying mode, the second fixing section being temperature-adjusted in relation to a second copying mode. Either the first or second fixing section is temperature-adjusted according to the order of priority in such a manner that after the completion of the temperature adjustments, temperature adjustments with respect to the other fixing section is successively carried out.

Abstract: In a semiconductor device, a pellet electrode, which is formed on a mesa-shaped pellet, and an external electrode, with which a package is provided, are in pressure-contact with each other. A soft-metal plate which has projections along its surface is arranged between the external electrode and the pellet electrode.

Abstract: A copying machine as an example of electrophotographic printing machines is composed of a main body which permits both black-and-white copying and full color copying, and a reverse and retransport unit provided under the main body, for reversing and retransporting a sheet after being copied on one surface thereof to the main body. The main body has a fixing means including upper and lower fixing portions formed between three heat rollers. The lower fixing portion placed closer to the reverse and retransport unit is associated with the black-and-white copying, and the upper fixing portion is associated with the full color copying. Upper and lower discharge transport paths for discharging the sheet out of the device are provided so as to respectively extend from the upper and lower fixing portions. Further, a retransport path is provided so as to extend from the lower fixing portion. Since the above three paths are provided without having any crossing point, the structure of the paths is simplified.