Abstract: A supported catalyst includes: a catalyst; and a carbon body. The catalyst is supported on the carbon body, and the carbon body is linear.

Abstract: A polyelectrolyte material includes as a main chain: a benzene ring; an ether; and a carbonyl group. A part of the benzene ring is sulfonated. A method for manufacturing a polyelectrolyte material includes: synthesizing disulfonyl difluorobenzophenone; and polymerizing the disulfonyl difluorobenzophenone, 4,4?-difluorobenzophenone, and phenolphthalein with a crown ether as a catalyst. The synthesizing is performed by reacting 4,4?-difluorobenzophenone with fuming sulfuric acid, performing salting-out the reaction product, and recrystallizing the salting-out product.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte membrane includes: a porous material layer and an inorganic material layer. The porous material layer has a through-hole that is filled with an electrolyte. The inorganic material layer is provided so as to face to at least either side of a principal surface of the porous material layer and has an opening that is filled with an electrolyte. A solid electrolyte membrane alternatively includes: a first porous layer and a second porous layer. The first porous layer has a through-hole that is filled with an electrolyte. The second porous layer is provided so as to face to at least either side of a principal surface of the first porous layer and has an opening that is filled with an electrolyte. The average diameter of the opening is smaller than the average diameter of the through-hole.

Abstract: A proton conductive inorganic material includes oxide particles containing at least one element X selected from the group consisting of W, Mo, Cr, B and V, an oxide carrier carrying the oxide particles and containing at least one element Y selected from the group consisting of Sn, Hf, Ge, Ga, In, Ce and Nb.

Abstract: A proton conductive solid electrolyte includes a proton conductive inorganic oxide including an oxide carrier and oxide particles supported on a surface of the oxide carrier, the oxide carrier containing an element Y consisting of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Si and Al, and the oxide particles containing an element X consisting of at least one element selected from the group consisting of W, Mo, Cr and V.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide an electrolyte membrane for fuel cell of low fuel permeability and high proton conductivity and to provide a fuel cell comprising the electrolyte membrane. According to the present invention, a polymer membrane including repeating unit of five-membered heterocyclic rings is used as an electrolyte membrane of the fuel cell. The electrolyte membrane has high proton conductivity with free from moves of the fuel or water when the proton conducts in the electrolyte membrane.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide compounds having a myocardial KD (Kinetic cell death)-inhibiting effect without being accompanied by a cardiodepressant effect.A 1,4-benzothiazepine derivative represented by the following Formula [I]: ##STR1## wherein each of substituent groups is defined as follows: R represents H or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 lower alkoxy group; X represents O or H.sub.2 ; n represents 1 or 2; R.sup.1 represents H, a substituted phenyl group wherein the substituent group is OH or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 lower alkoxy group, ##STR2## a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 lower alkoxy group, ##STR3## wherein R.sup.2 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 acyl group, and ph represents a phenyl group, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: Novel diphenylmethyl piperazine derivatives of this invention have a chemical structure represented by the following Formula [I]: ##STR1## wherein R represents ##STR2## The compounds have an effect of inhibiting the overcontraction and overextension of the myocardium without being accompanied by a myocardium-inhibiting effect. By using the novel diphenylmethyl piperazine derivatives as an effective ingredient, it is possible to obtain a myocardial necrosis inhibitor which can protect against myocardial necrosis, and a drug for the treatment and prevention of acute myocardial infarction.