Abstract: A semiconductor device having a reduced amount of oxygen vacancy in a channel formation region of an oxide semiconductor is provided. Further, a semiconductor device which includes an oxide semiconductor and has improved electric characteristics is provided. Furthermore, a methods for manufacturing the semiconductor device is provided. An oxide semiconductor film is formed; a conductive film is formed over the oxide semiconductor film at the same time as forming a low-resistance region between the oxide semiconductor film and the conductive film; the conductive film is processed to form a source electrode and a drain electrode; and oxygen is added to the low-resistance region between the source electrode and the drain electrode, so that a channel formation region having a higher resistance than the low-resistance region is formed and a first low-resistance region and a second low-resistance region between which the channel formation region is positioned are formed.

Abstract: A service management apparatus is provided that allows management of a shared license among devices, including a user storage unit storing a user and at least one associated terminal; a license information storage unit storing a license including a terminal to be permitted to use a predetermined service and license information for identifying a setting limitation; a setting request reception unit receiving a setting request for the license including information for identifying the terminal that has issued the setting request and the user; an associated terminal identification processing unit identifying the terminal that is associated with the user included in the request; a license identification processing unit identifying the license that each terminal to be identified is permitted to use and is settable to the terminal that has issued the request; and a license setting processing unit setting the identified license to the terminal that has issued the request.

Abstract: A service management apparatus is provided that allows management of a shared license among devices, including a user storage unit storing a user and at least one associated terminal; a license information storage unit storing a license including a terminal to be permitted to use a predetermined service and license information for identifying a setting limitation; a setting request reception unit receiving a setting request for the license including information for identifying the terminal that has issued the setting request and the user; an associated terminal identification processing unit identifying the terminal that is associated with the user included in the request; a license identification processing unit identifying the license that each terminal to be identified is permitted to use and is settable to the terminal that has issued the request; and a license setting processing unit setting the identified license to the terminal that has issued the request.

Abstract: A memory control method includes a first step of managing control information in each of memory blocks constituting the memory, the control information joining the memory blocks in a chain according to the frequency of data erasures occurring in each of the memory blocks; and a second step of determining, on the basis of the control information, a memory block that should be a transfer destination of write data.

Abstract: Methods and compositions useful in the detection of human cancer cells and malignant tumors are provided. Certain human autocrine motility factor receptors or proteins (gp78-hAMFR) have been identified which are useful in the detection of human cancer cells and malignant tumors. Methods and assay kits for the detection of human cancer, human cancer cells, and tumors, are provided wherein antibodies or nucleotide hybridized probes are used to determine gp78-hAMFR expression. These methods and assays readily distinguish between non-malignant and malignant cancer cells and tumors and can be used to gauge metastatic potential.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium having a ferromagnetic metal thin film on at least one surface of a non-magnetic support. The magnetic recording medium has a surface layer containing at least either one of fluorine compounds represented by the following formulae (1) and (2):Rf-R.sub.1 Formula (1)Rf-R.sub.2 -Rf Formula (2)whereRf: (CF.sub.3).sub.a CF.sub.3-a (CF.sub.2).sub.ba: 1 to 3a+b: 1 to 11R.sub.1 : an alkyl or alkenyl group having from 8 to 26 carbon atomsR.sub.2 : an alkylene or alkenylene group having from 2 to 14 carbon atoms.The surface layer may be formed on a carbon film provided on the ferromagnetic metal thin film. The surface layer may further contain a fluorine compound having at least one polar group and a perfluoroalkyl group, and a rust inhibitor. These components may be contained in or coated on a back coat layer. The magnetic recording medium is excellent in running properties, durability and shelf stability.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium having a ferromagnetic metal thin film formed over at least one surface of a non-magnetic support, wherein the improvement has a lubricant layer consisting essentially of at least one of unsaturated bond-containing fluoroalkyl carboxylic acid esters which are represented by the following formulae (1) to (3):Rf--R.sub.1 --COO--R.sup.2 Formula (1)R.sup.3 --COO--R.sub.4 --Rf Formula (2)Rf--R.sup.5 --COO--R.sup.6 Rf Formula (3)where Rf: (CF.sub.3).sub.a CF.sub.3-a (CF.sub.2).sub.ba: 1 to 3 a+b: 1 to 17R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having from 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or a hydrocarbon group having from 2 to 18 carbon atoms and containing at least one double or triple bond, and R.sup.2 is an alkyl group having from 4 to 22 carbon atoms, or a hydrocarbon group having from 4 to 22 carbon atoms and containing at least one double or triple bond. At least either one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 contains at least one double or triple bond. R.sup.3 is an alkyl group having from 3 to 21 carbon atoms, and R.

Abstract: Methods and compositions useful in the detection of human cancer cells and malignant tumors are provided. Certain human autocrine motility factor receptors or proteins (gp78-hAMFR) have been identified which are useful in the detection of human cancer cells and malignant tumors. Methods and assay kits for the detection of human cancer, human cancer cells, and tumors, are provided wherein antibodies or other probes are used which recognize gp78-hAMFR expression. These methods and assay readily distinguish between non-malignant and malignant cancer cells and tumors and can be used to gauge metastatic potential.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium having a magnetic recording layer on at least one surface of a non-magnetic support, wherein the magnetic recording layer has thereon a lubricant layer containing at least one fluoroalkyl sulfo compound having an ether or ester linkage, which is represented by the following formula (1). The magnetic recording medium is free from corrosion of the magnetic recording layer and has a low coefficient of friction and excellent running durability and shelf stability. The lubricant layer is particularly suitable for a magnetic recording medium having a metal thin film with or without an inorganic protective film as a magnetic recording layer.(Rf--A--R--SO.sub.3).sub.k X Formula (1)wherein Rf represents a fluoroalkyl group or a perfluoroalkyl group; A represents ##STR1## R represents an alkylene group; k represents an integer of 1 or 2; and X represents --H, --M, --MH (wherein M is an alkali metal or an alkali earth metal), or any one of primary to quaternary ammoniums.

Abstract: Methods and compositions useful in the screening of human bladder cancer cells and malignant tumors are provided. Certain human autocrine motility factor receptors or proteins (gp78-hAMFR) have been identified which are useful in the screening of human bladder cancer cells and malignant tumors. Methods and assay kits for the screening of human bladder cancer, human cancer cells, and tumors, are provided wherein antibodies or other probes are used which recognize gp78-hAMFR expression. These methods and assays readily distinguish between non-malignant and malignant cancer cells and tumors and can be used to gauge metastatic potential.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a non-magnetic support having provided thereon a magnetic layer comprising a ferromagnetic powder and a binder material, wherein the magnetic layer contains at least a vinyl chloride copolymer binder having at least one polar group selected from --SO.sub.3 M and --COOM, wherein M represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, or an ammonium ion, and at least one epoxy group per molecule in an amount of 1.times.10.sup.-4 to 1.times.10.sup.-2 per gram, and a fatty acid amide having from 12 to 26 atoms and present in an amount of from 0.05 to 2 wt % based on the amount of the ferromagnetic powder, and wherein the content of the polar group in the vinyl chloride copolymer binder is from about 1.times.10.sup.-7 to 1.times.10.sup.-3 equivalent per gram, and wherein the vinyl chloride copolymer binder has a weight average molecular weight of from 20,000 to 100,000 and wherein the magnetic layer further contains a polyurethane resin having a polar group.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a non-magnetic support having thereon a multi-layer magnetic layer structure comprising ferromagnetic fine powder and a binder, wherein said multi-layer magnetic layer structure is formed by coating a first composition containing the ferromagnetic fine powder and a polyisocyanate compound on the non-magnetic support to form a first magnetic layer and coating a second composition containing ferromagnetic fine powder and an epoxy compound having at least one epoxy group or a coupling agent on said first magnetic layer to form a second magnetic layer, wherein coating of said second magnetic layer is conducted simultaneously with or after coating said first magnetic layer while said first magnetic layer is still in a wet state, by a simultaneous or successive multiple layered coating method.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a non-magnetic support having thereon a magnetic layer comprising ferromagnetic particles disposed in a binder, the binder comprising a vinyl chloride copolymer and a polyurethane resin, wherein the polyurethane resin is a polyether polyurethane resin containing a polyether polyol having a ring structure.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a non-magnetic support having on one surface thereof a magnetic layer and on the opposite surface thereof a backing layer comprising non-magnetic particles dispersed in a binder containing a copolymer of (a) at least one of a vinyl monomer containing a dialkylaminoalkyl group and a vinyl monomer containing a quaternary salt of a dialkylaminoalkyl group, and (b) a copolymerizable vinyl monomer.

Abstract: A method for preparing a magnetic recording medium is disclosed, comprising the steps of (1) surface-treating ferromagnetic particles with a glycidyl compound having a molecular weight of 1,000 or less and having an epoxy equivalent of 200 g/eq. or less, (2) dispersing the surface-treated ferromagnetic particles with a binder to prepare a magnetic coating composition, (3) coating the resulting magnetic coating composition on a nonmagnetic support, and then (4) drying the magnetic coating composition.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a non-magnetic support having provided thereon a magnetic layer comprising a binder and ferromagnetic particles dispersed therein, wherein the magnetic layer further contains a vinyl compound having an inner salt of an alkylaminoalkyl group and the magnetic layer has been irradiated with radiation.

Abstract: A process for producing a magnetic recording medium which comprises a step of kneading a ferromagnetic powder with a binder in the presence of a solvent, a step of dispersing the resulting blend with the binder and/or solvent, and a step of coating the resulting magnetic coating composition on a nonmagnetic support followed by drying;Wherein said step of kneading is carried out by kneading a ferromagnetic powder having a particle size of not more than 350 .ANG. with a glycidyl compound and a binder comprising at least a vinyl chloride copolymer having an OH- terminated side chain bonded via an organic group and also having a polar group and/or a solvent; said binder, polyurethane resin, and solvent being used in a total amount of from 40 to 70 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of said ferromagnetic powder; and wherein said step of dispersing is carried out in the presence of additional polyurethane resin having a polar group and/or solvent.

Abstract: A process of producing a magnetic recording medium comprising the steps of kneading ferromagnetic fine particles and a binder using an organic solvent to prepare a kneaded mixture, dispersing said kneaded mixture with the addition of an additional binder and/or an additional organic solvent to prepare a magnetic coating composition, and coating said magnetic coating composition on a non-magnetic support followed by drying,wherein the crystalline size of said ferromagnetic fine particles is not larger than 350 angstrom and said binder used at the kneading step comprises(1) an amine type epoxy compound represented by following formula: ##STR1## wherein A represents ##STR2## or an alkylene group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, (2) a vinyl chloride copolymer having a polar group and an organic side chain group having a hydroxyl group at the terminal, and(3) a urethane resin having at least 3 hydroxyl groups in the molecule.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a non-magnetic support having provided thereon a magnetic layer, containing ferromagnetic particles dispersed in a binder, wherein the binder comprises a copolymer comprising at least one vinyl compound having a dialkylaminoalkyl group and at least one copolymerizable vinyl monomer capable of being copolymerized with the vinyl compound.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a support having provided on one surface thereof a magnetic layer comprising a binder and ferromagnetic particles dispersed therein, and on the opposite surface thereof a backing layer comprising a binder and non-magnetic particles dispersed therein, wherein at least one of the binders comprises a vinyl chloride copolymer resin having a vinyl chloride unit content of about 70 wt % or more based on the total amount of the binder, a nitrogen content of about from 0.01 to 1 wt % based on the total amount of the binder, and a polymerization degree of about from 250 to 700; and the non-magnetic particles comprises fine carbon particles having a DBP oil absorption of about 150 ml/100 g or more.