Abstract: The present disclosure relates to lubricating compositions and, in particular, lubricating compositions suitable for motorcycle applications including select metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates to achieve low copper corrosion, good TBN retention, and good sulfur retention applicable to motorcycle engines and transmissions.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to lubricating compositions configured for motorcycles and also to methods of lubricating a motorcycle engine, transmission, and clutch assembly with a single lubricating composition that is generally provided from a common sump or reservoir to achieve improved fuel economy.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to lubricating compositions including effective amounts of molybdenum from an oil-soluble molybdenum compound and a magnesium boost in the detergent system to achieve passing motor friction and valve train wear performance.

Abstract: A light deflector includes: a polygon mirror made of plastic and having a plurality of reflecting surfaces; a motor including a rotor and configured to rotate the polygon mirror; and a pressing member configured to press the polygon mirror toward the rotor in an axial direction of the motor. The polygon mirror has a first surface having a polygonal shape, and a second surface opposite to the first surface in the axial direction and having a polygonal shape. The second surface faces the rotor. The polygon mirror includes a plurality of first contact portions configured to be in contact with and pressed by the pressing member, and the first contact portions are provided on the first surface at positions equally distant from an axis of the motor between each of vertices of the first surface and the axis of the motor.

Abstract: A polygon mirror made of plastic is provided. The polygon mirror has a plurality of reflecting surfaces, a first surface intersecting the plurality of reflecting surfaces at a first side, a second surface intersecting the plurality of reflecting surfaces at a second side opposite to the first side, with a through hole provided to extend through the first surface and the second surface at a center of the polygon mirror. The polygon mirror includes a plurality of gate marks of injection molding. When viewed from an extending direction of the through hole, the gate marks are located on straight lines passing through the center and vertices of the first surface, and are rotationally symmetric with respect to the center.

Abstract: A light deflector and an image forming apparatus including the light deflector are provided. The light deflector includes a polygon mirror made of plastic and a motor including a rotor. The rotor supports the polygon mirror and includes a base and a first protrusion protruding from the base toward the polygon mirror in an axial direction. The polygon mirror includes a main body having a plurality of reflecting surfaces, and a second protrusion protruding from the main body toward the base. The second protrusion has an end face and an inner face. The end face is in contact with the base in the axial direction, and the inner face is in contact with the first protrusion in a radial direction.

Abstract: A light deflector includes: a polygon mirror made of plastic and having a plurality of reflecting surfaces; a motor including a rotor and configured to rotate the polygon mirror; and a pressing member configured to press the polygon mirror toward the rotor in an axial direction of the motor. The polygon mirror has a first surface having a polygonal shape, and a second surface opposite to the first surface in the axial direction and having a polygonal shape. The second surface faces the rotor. The polygon mirror includes a plurality of first contact portions configured to be in contact with and pressed by the pressing member, and the first contact portions are provided on the first surface at positions equally distant from an axis of the motor between each of vertices of the first surface and the axis of the motor.

Abstract: A light deflector includes: a polygon mirror made of plastic and having a plurality of reflecting surfaces; a motor including a rotor and configured to rotate the polygon mirror; and a pressing member configured to press the polygon mirror toward the rotor in an axial direction of the motor. The polygon mirror has a first surface having a polygonal shape, and a second surface opposite to the first surface in the axial direction and having a polygonal shape. The second surface faces the rotor. The polygon mirror includes a plurality of first contact portions configured to be in contact with and pressed by the pressing member, and the first contact portions are provided on the first surface at positions equally distant from an axis of the motor between each of vertices of the first surface and the axis of the motor.

Abstract: A polygon mirror made of plastic is provided. The polygon mirror has a plurality of reflecting surfaces, a first surface intersecting the plurality of reflecting surfaces at a first side, a second surface intersecting the plurality of reflecting surfaces at a second side opposite to the first side, with a through hole provided to extend through the first surface and the second surface at a center of the polygon mirror. The polygon mirror includes a plurality of gate marks of injection molding. When viewed from an extending direction of the through hole, the gate marks are located on straight lines passing through the center and vertices of the first surface, and are rotationally symmetric with respect to the center.

Abstract: In a scanning optical apparatus including a light source, a light deflector having a reflecting surface, and a single scanning lens, a light flux deflected in a main scanning direction is focused on an image surface. The reflecting and image surfaces are conjugate to each other with respect to a sub scanning direction, Bmax×Bmin>0, and Dmax×Dmin<0 where Bmax and Bmin are a maximum value and a minimum value, respectively, of paraxial focal points, Dmax and Dmin are a maximum value and a minimum value, respectively, of midpoints of focal depth in the sub scanning plane, the values being determined with reference to the image surface, wherein the value of the image surface is 0 and the values on a farther-from-the-scanning-lens side behind the image surface have positive values.

Abstract: In a light deflector including a polygon mirror having a plurality of reflecting surfaces; and a motor configured to rotate the polygon mirror, each of the reflecting surfaces, which has leading and trailing edges with respect to a direction of rotation of the polygon mirror and a center between the two edges, is configured to curve with the center displaced with respect to a reference straight line passing through the two edges in a plane perpendicular to an axis of rotation of the polygon mirror, radially, to a first side under a non-operating state in which the motor is not in operation, and to a second side (opposite to the first side) under a first rotating state in which progress of deformation of each of the reflecting surfaces has converged after a lapse of a first period of time from a start of rotation of the motor.

Abstract: A light deflector and an image forming apparatus including the light deflector are provided. The light deflector includes a polygon mirror made of plastic and a motor including a rotor. The rotor supports the polygon mirror and includes a base and a first protrusion protruding from the base toward the polygon mirror in an axial direction. The polygon mirror includes a main body having a plurality of reflecting surfaces, and a second protrusion protruding from the main body toward the base. The second protrusion has an end face and an inner face. The end face is in contact with the base in the axial direction, and the inner face is in contact with the first protrusion in a radial direction.

Abstract: In a light deflector including a polygon mirror having a plurality of reflecting surfaces; and a motor configured to rotate the polygon mirror, each of the reflecting surfaces, which has leading and trailing edges with respect to a direction of rotation of the polygon mirror and a center between the two edges, is configured to curve with the center displaced with respect to a reference straight line passing through the two edges in a plane perpendicular to an axis of rotation of the polygon mirror, radially, to a first side under a non-operating state in which the motor is not in operation, and to a second side (opposite to the first side) under a first rotating state in which progress of deformation of each of the reflecting surfaces has converged after a lapse of a first period of time from a start of rotation of the motor.

Abstract: In a scanning optical apparatus including a light source, a light deflector having a reflecting surface, and a single scanning lens, a light flux deflected in a main scanning direction is focused on an image surface. The reflecting and image surfaces are conjugate to each other with respect to a sub scanning direction, Bmax×Bmin>0, and Dmax×Dmin<0 where Bmax and Bmin are a maximum value and a minimum value, respectively, of paraxial focal points, Dmax and Dmin are a maximum value and a minimum value, respectively, of midpoints of focal depth in the sub scanning plane, the values being determined with reference to the image surface, wherein the value of the image surface is 0 and the values on a farther-from-the-scanning-lens side behind the image surface have positive values.

Abstract: A light deflector includes: a polygon mirror made of plastic and having a plurality of reflecting surfaces; a motor including a rotor and configured to rotate the polygon mirror; and a pressing member configured to press the polygon mirror toward the rotor in an axial direction of the motor. The polygon mirror has a first surface having a polygonal shape, and a second surface opposite to the first surface in the axial direction and having a polygonal shape. The second surface faces the rotor. The polygon mirror includes a plurality of first contact portions configured to be in contact with and pressed by the pressing member, and the first contact portions are provided on the first surface at positions equally distant from an axis of the motor between each of vertices of the first surface and the axis of the motor.

Abstract: In a scanning optical apparatus, an illumination optical system has a diffractive power ?dM and a refractive power ?nM in a main scanning direction, and a ratio ?nM/?dM in the main scanning direction for a focal length fi in a range of 10-22 mm satisfies: g2(fi)??nM/?dM?g1(fi), where A(Z)=(1.897×107)Z2+6744Z+0.5255, B(Z)=(2.964×107)Z2+5645Z+0.6494, C(Z)=(3.270×107)Z2+3589Z+0.5250, D(Z)=(5.016×107)Z2+4571Z+0.8139, g1(fi)=fi{D(Z)?B(Z)}/12?5D(Z)/6+11B(Z)/6, g2(fi)=fi{C(Z)?D(Z)}/12?5C(Z)/6+11A(Z)/6.

Abstract: A scanning optical apparatus includes: a light source; a light deflector configured to deflect the light beam from the light source in a main scanning direction; an incident optical system disposed between the light source and the light deflector and configured to render the light beam from the light source nearly parallel in the main scanning direction and to converge the light beam in a sub-scanning direction to bring the light beam to a focus in proximity to the light deflector; and a scanning lens configured to focus the light beam deflected by the light deflector onto a target surface to form spot-like images. The incident optical system includes one or more lenses which provide at least one refracting surface and at least one diffraction surface, and ?nS/?ds<0 is satisfied, where ?nS is a refractive power in the sub-scanning direction and ?dS is a diffraction power in the sub-scanning direction.

Abstract: In a scanning optical apparatus, an illumination optical system has a diffractive power ?dM in a main scanning direction, a diffractive power ?dS in a sub-scanning direction, a refractive power ?nM in the main scanning direction, and a refractive power ?nS in the sub-scanning direction. A ratio ?nM/?dM in the main scanning direction for a focal length fi in a range of 10-30 mm satisfies: g2(fi)??nM/?dM?g1(fi), where A(Z)=(3.532×107)Z2+3023Z+0.7010, B(Z)=(5.719×107)Z2+4169Z+0.7678, C(Z)=(1.727×107)Z2+3244Z+0.4217, D(Z)=(1.373×108)Z2+3232Z+1.224, g1(fi)=fi{D(Z)?B(Z)}/20?0.5D(Z)+1.5B(Z), g2(fi)=fi{C(Z)?D(Z)}/20?0.5C(Z)+1.5A(Z), and a ratio ?nS/?dS in the sub-scanning direction satisfies: ?nS/?dS<1.3.

Abstract: In a scanning optical apparatus, an illumination optical system has a diffractive power ?dM and a refractive power ?nM in a main scanning direction, and a ratio ?nM/?dM in the main scanning direction for a focal length fi in a range of 10-22 mm satisfies: g2(fi)??nM/?dM?g1(fi), where A(Z)=(1.897×107)Z2+6744Z+0.5255, B(Z)=(2.964×107)Z2+5645Z+0.6494, C(Z)=(3.270×107)Z2+3589Z+0.5250, D(Z)=(5.016×107)Z2+4571Z+0.8139, g1(fi)=fi{D(Z)?B(Z)}/12?5D(Z)/6+11B(Z)/6, g2(fi)=fi{C(Z)?D(Z)}/12?5C(Z)/6+11A(Z)/6.

Abstract: In a scanning optical apparatus, an illumination optical system has a diffractive power ?dM and a refractive power ?nM in a main scanning direction, and a ratio ?nM/?dM in the main scanning direction for a focal length fi in a range of 10-22 mm satisfies: g2(fi)??nM/?dM?g1(fi), where A(Z)=(1.897×107)Z2+6744Z+0.5255, B(Z)=(2.964×107)Z2+5645Z+0.6494, C(Z)=(3.270×107)Z2+3589Z+0.5250, D(Z)=(5.016×107)Z2+4571Z+0.8139, g1(fi)=fi{D(Z)?B(Z)}/12?5D(Z)/6+11B(Z)/6, g2(fi)=fi{C(Z)?D(Z)}/12?5C(Z)/6+11A(Z)/6 g2(fi)=fi{C(Z)?A(Z)}/12?5C(Z)/6+11A(Z)/6.