Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus includes a main circuit in which a compressor, a flow switching device, an indoor heat exchanger, a pressure reducing device, and a plurality of parallel heat exchangers connected in parallel with each other are connected by pipes, a bypass pipe, a flow control device provided to the bypass pipe and configured to adjust a flow rate of refrigerant flowing through the bypass pipe, an evaporating pressure sensor configured to measure an evaporating pressure of the refrigerant, and a controller. The air-conditioning apparatus is configured to operate in a normal heating operation mode and a heating-defrosting operation mode. When an operation associated with the normal heating operation mode is switched to an operation associated with the heating-defrosting operation mode, the controller adjusts an opening degree of the flow control device using the evaporating pressure in the parallel heat exchanger and a driving frequency of the compressor.

Abstract: Inexpensive heating fuel is used to generate heat required for completion of reformation of raw material to be reformed such as hydrocarbon gas, heavy oil or oil refining pitch so that the raw material may be reformed economically and stably. A reformer has a raw material feeder that feeds a predetermined amount of raw material to be reformed to a fluidized-bed reforming furnace; a fuel feeder feeds heating fuel to a fluidized-bed combustion furnace; and a controller regulates the fuel to be fed to the combustion furnace so as to impart heat to the circulating particles in the combustion furnace such that the raw material fed to the reforming furnace can be completely reformed in the reforming furnace.

Abstract: Inexpensive heating fuel is used to generate heat required for completion of reformation of raw material to be reformed such as hydrocarbon gas, heavy oil or oil refining pitch so that the raw material may be reformed economically and stably. A reformer has a raw material feeder that feeds a predetermined amount of raw material to be reformed to a fluidized-bed reforming furnace; a fuel feeder feeds heating fuel to a fluidized-bed combustion furnace; and a controller regulates the fuel to be fed to the combustion furnace so as to impart heat to the circulating particles in the combustion furnace such that the raw material fed to the reforming furnace can be completely reformed in the reforming furnace.

Abstract: A single frequency relay station receives a signal from a master station, and retransmits it. Before retransmitting the signal, the relay station uses a digital filter to subtract from the signal components which arise from multipath interference and coupling interference. The coefficients used by the digital filter are derived from characteristics of the multipath interference and the overall transfer function of the relay station. These are derived by turning off the retransmission, so that the multipath interference can be estimated from the received signal, and commencing the retransmission again, to determine the transfer function. A simplified inverse fast Fourier transform is used to simplify the calculations.

Abstract: A single frequency relay station receives a signal from a master station, and retransmits it. Before retransmitting the signal, the relay station uses a digital filter to subtract from the signal components which arise from multipath interference and coupling interference. The coefficients used by the digital filter are derived from characteristics of the multipath interference and the overall transfer function of the relay station. These are derived by turning off the retransmission, so that the multipath interference can be estimated from the received signal, and commencing the retransmission again, to determine the transfer function. A simplified inverse fast Fourier transform is used to simplify the calculations.

Abstract: A method of recovering carbon dioxide gas from the combustion exhaust gas of fossil fuel, using a combustion equipment, wherein fuel gas is supplied to an anode chamber of a molten carbonate fuel cell and oxidizing gas is supplied to a cathode chamber of the fuel cell, the combustion exhaust gas from the combustion equipment is suuplied to the cathode chamber as part of the oxidizaing gas, CO.sub.2 in the combustion exhaust gas is allowed to react with O.sub.2 in the oxidizing gas at the cathode to produce carbonate ion, which is allowed to pass through the electrolyte of the fuel cell and to reach the anode, which the carbonate ion is allowed to react with hydrogen in the fuel gas to produce CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O, the anode exhaust gas containing CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O generated at the anode is discharged from the anode chamber, H.sub.2 O is separated from the anode discharge gas and high-concentration CO.sub.2 gas is recovered.