Abstract: Systems and methods of the present disclosure can include a computer-implemented method. The method can include obtaining a machine-learned model comprising one or more layers. At least a first layer of the one or more layers can be configured to receive a set of query vectors respectively associated with layer inputs, determine similarity measures the key vectors and the query vectors, apply a normalization operation to the plurality of respective similarity measures, and determine an output based on the normalized respective similarity measures and a plurality of class labels respectively associated with the plurality of key vectors.