Abstract: An image holding member for electrostatic images or toner images has a three-layered insulating layer at the surface. The insulating layer is composed of an upper layer mainly composed of an organic solvent soluble thermoplastic resin, an intermediate layer mainly composed of an organic solvent soluble thermoplastic resin and a cured thermosetting resin, and a lower layer mainly composed of a cured thermosetting resin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for covering a substrate with a cylindrically shaped heat-shrinkable film, particularly to a method for covering a cylindrically shaped heat-shrinkable film so as to fit the contour of a substrate by conducting the heat treatment in multiple steps at different temperatures.

Abstract: An image-holding member for holding electrostatic images or toner images comprising a support and an image-holding layer contains a curable rubber layer.

Abstract: An image-holding member for holding electrostatic images and/or toner images comprising an insulating layer on the surface, the insulating layer being composed mainly of a fluorine-containing surface active agent, a lubricant and a resin.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photoconductive layer composed of a photoconductive material and a binder, improvement wherein said binder is a curable rubber.

Abstract: An abrasive member for electrophotographic image-holding member comprising an abrasive dispersed in a resin of linear structure.

Abstract: Image-holding member for holding electrostatic images and/or toner images comprising an insulating layer composed of curable epoxyacrylate resin on the surface of the image-holding member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus includes an image holding member which is adapted to retain electrostatic images as well as toner images. The image holding member contains a lubricating agent inside the surface layer. To expose a new surface of the member to provide additional lubricating agent, a means to abrade the surface layer is also provided.

Abstract: An image holding member for holding electrostatic latent images and/or toner images is characterized in that the surface of the image holding member has a surface layer formed by a coating, said surface layer essentially consisting of at least one of substances A and B wherein the substance A is a linear polyester resin soluble in organic solvents and the substance B is a copolymerization product of a linear isocyanate of the formula: ##STR1## and a polyol of the formula: HO--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --OH wherein n is a positive integer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having an insulating layer overlaid on the one side of an amorphous photoconductive layer is characterized in that said photosensitive member further comprises two layers: a charge injection layer and a subsidiary charge injection layer overlaid on the other side of the photoconductive layer with the subsidiary charge injection layer being interposed between the photoconductive layer and the charge injection layer, said subsidiary charge injection layer having a lower free charge density than that in the photoconductive layer and being able to make it easy to inject an amount of electric charge from the charge injection layer into the photoconductive layer whereas said charge injection layer has a higher free charge density than that in the photoconductive layer and serves as a main supply source of the electric charge to be injected into the photoconductive layer.