Abstract: A region surrounded by two gate wiring and two drain wiring includes pixels and when there is a defect of short-circuit in adjacent pixel electrodes, the short-circuited portion is removed by irradiating a laser via a mask having a transmission pattern, which corresponds to a pattern of the gate wiring, drain wiring and pixel electrodes in the short-circuited portion. The above short-circuited portion is identified and removed in comparison to a normal pattern, by use of information from an inspection apparatus, and the pattern defect formed on the substrate is automatically repaired. By applying the above method to a manufacturing process of display apparatus, in particular, to a resist pattern forming process, a display apparatus having a highly qualified display property may be achieved.

Abstract: Bead spacers, which are disposed on at least one principal surface of a pair of substrates forming a liquid crystal display device, are bonded to the principal surface by an alignment film or an organic material film. Specifically, the bead spacers disposed on the principal surface are covered with the alignment film, or the bead spacers are bonded by the organic material film to the alignment film formed on the principal surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Bead spacers, which are disposed on at least one principal surface of a pair of substrates forming a liquid crystal display device, are bonded to the principal surface by an alignment film or an organic material film. Specifically, the bead spacers disposed on the principal surface are covered with the alignment film, or the bead spacers are bonded by the organic material film to the alignment film formed on the principal surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A first transparent substrate and a second transparent substrate having such a plurality of protrusions on the liquid crystal layer side as to contact with the first transparent substrate are so fixed by means of a sealant that they bend convexly to the liquid crystal layer. Thus, it is possible to suppress the mura defect of a panel, which might otherwise be caused by the heat radiation from a back light when a liquid crystal display apparatus is driven.

Abstract: A region surrounded by two gate wiring and two drain wiring includes pixels and when there is a defect of short-circuit in adjacent pixel electrodes, the short-circuited portion is removed by irradiating a laser via a mask having a transmission pattern, which corresponds to a pattern of the gate wiring, drain wiring and pixel electrodes in the short-circuited portion. The above short-circuited portion is identified and removed in comparison to a normal pattern, by use of information from an inspection apparatus, and the pattern defect formed on the substrate is automatically repaired. By applying the above method to a manufacturing process of display apparatus, in particular, to a resist pattern forming process, a display apparatus having a highly qualified display property may be achieved.

Abstract: A first transparent substrate and a second transparent substrate having such a plurality of protrusions on the liquid crystal layer side as to contact with the first transparent substrate are so fixed by means of a sealant that they bend convexly to the liquid crystal layer. Thus, it is possible to suppress the mura defect of a panel, which might otherwise be caused by the heat radiation from a back light when a liquid crystal display apparatus is driven.

Abstract: A substrate includes fluid control walls for controlling the liquid crystal fluid closer to the liquid crystal dropped spot of a display area or frame-like fluid control walls between a sealing material and the display area. After the liquid crystal is dropped on the display area, a pair of substrates are pasted and then picked out in the atmosphere for applying pressure onto the pair of substrates and diffusing the liquid crystal. The liquid crystal fluid control walls serve to control the liquid crystal fluid, thereby suppressing the liquid crystal contamination caused by the contact of the unhardened sealing material with the liquid crystal and the relevant display failure.