Abstract: A gasification and melting furnace for wastes has a vertically movable furnace center lance disposed along the axis of the furnace and adapted to blow off a combustion sustaining gas downward into the furnace. One or more stages of upper tuyeres are disposed so that the angle at which the combustion sustaining gas is blown off into the furnace is displaced from the furnace axis direction, and one or more stages of lower tuyeres projected into the furnace so as to blow off a combustion sustaining gas or both combustion sustaining gas and fuel toward the furnace axis. Formation of a low temperature region in the furnace are prevented and a fire spot is concentrated on the combustion of wastes. As a result, molten slag and various metals, as well as an energy gas, which are high in added value, can be recovered stably.

Abstract: By using a gasification and melting furnace for wastes having a vertically movable furnace center lance disposed along the axis of the furnace and adapted to blow off a combustion sustaining gas downward into the furnace, one or more stages of upper tuyeres disposed so that the angle at which the combustion sustaining gas is blown off into the furnace is displaced from the furnace axis direction, and one or more stages of lower tuyeres projected into the furnace so as to blow off a combustion sustaining gas or both combustion sustaining gas and fuel toward the furnace axis, it is possible to prevent the formation of a low temperature region in the furnace and concentrate a fire spot for the combustion of wastes. As a result, molten slag and various metals, as well as an energy gas, which are high in added value, can be recovered stably.

Abstract: In the method of producing reduced iron according to the invention, fine iron oxides and powdery solid reductants are mixed, compacted into sheet-like compacts, and charged onto the hearth of a reduction furnace for reduction while maintaining the temperature inside the furnace at not less than 1100° C. As the sheet-like compacts can be obtained by compacting mixture of raw material by use of rollers or the like, processing time is much shorter than the case of pelletization or agglomeration. A drying step is unnecessary since feeds are placed no the hearth via a feeder chute or the like. The method is carried out with ease by use of the facility according to the invention. High quality hot metal can be produced by charging reduced iron in hot condition obtained by the method described as above into a shaft furnace or a in-bath smelting furnace for melting at high thermal efficiency.

Abstract: In the method of producing reduced iron according to the invention, fine iron oxides and powdery solid reductants are mixed, compacted into sheet-like compacts, and charged onto the hearth of a reduction furnace for reduction while maintaining the temperature inside the furnace at not less than 1100.degree. C. As the sheet-like compacts can be obtained by compacting mixture of raw material by use of rollers or the like, processing time is much shorter than the case of pelletization or agglomeration. A drying step is unnecessary since feeds are placed no the hearth via a feeder chute or the like. The method is carried out with ease by use of the facility according to the invention. High quality hot metal can be produced by charging reduced iron in hot condition obtained by the method described as above into a shaft furnace or a in-bath smelting furnace for melting at high thermal efficiency.

Abstract: A stabilized spore-forming viable microorganism composition comprising in admixture at least a carbohydrate component from cereals or bulbs and spore-forming viable microorganisms belonging to genus Bacillus. Examples of cereals are maize, rice, wheat, barley, rye, oats and soybeans. Examples of bulbs are tuberous roots, tubers or corms. That component can also be a polysaccharide, e.g. starch. At least over 0.01 part by weight of the carbohydrate component is used per one part by weight of microorganisms. A process for production of the composition comprises drying a carbohydrate component from cereals or bulbs and spore-forming viable microorganisms belonging to genus Bacillus in admixture in a non-toxic aqueous medium.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing molten pig iron is disclosed which comprises:forming a packed bed of coke in a vertical furnace having a charging port in an upper portion thereof for charging raw materials and discharging gases, one or more primary tuyeres in its lower portion, and one or more secondary tuyeres in a wall of the furnace at a level above the primary tuyere, the packed bed of coke extending higher than the level of the primary tuyere;forming a packed bed of scrap and iron ore atop the packed bed of coke to a level which extends above the secondary tuyere; andblowing an oxidizing gas through the primary tuyere and the secondary tuyere to melt and reduce the scrap iron and iron ore.

Abstract: In a melting/gasifying furnace including a coke-filled layer, coal is gasified by oxygen blown through tuyeres into a hot reducing gas which is caused to ascend through the coke-filled layer so as to melt reduced iron supported on the top of the coke-filled layer. The resulting molten iron flows down through the coke-filled layer, and is collected in the lowermost region of the coke-filled layer and discharged therefrom, while the hot gas is recovered. The thus recovered gas is fed into a shaft reduction furnace to reduce iron ores, and the thus formed reduced iron is supplied into the melting/gasifying furnace. In addition to the coal, a variety of fuels mainly comprising carbon and hydrogen such as heavy oil, natural gas, etc. are used for gasification. The fuel is blown through the tuyeres and/or charged through middle openings disposed above the tuyeres.

Abstract: In a melting/gasifying furnace including a coke-filled layer, coal is gasified by oxygen blown through tuyeres into a hot reducing gas which is caused to ascend through the coke-filled layer so as to melt reduced iron supported on the top of the coke-filled layer. The resulting molten iron flows down through the coke-filled layer, and is collected in the lowermost region of the coke-filled layer and discharged therefrom, while the hot gas is recovered. The thus recovered gas is fed into a shaft reduction furnace to reduce iron ores, and the thus formed reduced iron is supplied into the melting/gasifying furnace. In addition to the coal, a variety of fuels mainly comprising carbon and hydrogen such as heavy oil, natural gas, etc. are used for gasification. The fuel is blown through the tuyeres and/or charged through middle openings disposed above the tuyeres.