Abstract: A laminate including a member that serves as a light-transmissive electrode layer and a zinc oxide layer that serves as an electron transport layer for an organic thin-film solar cell is provided. The zinc oxide layer has a Zn deposition amount of not less than 20.0 mg/m2 and not more than 120.0 mg/m2. An S value represented by Formula (1) is not more than 0.90 when, in the zinc oxide layer, an oxygen 1s spectrum obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is separated into three peaks, an area of a peak in which a binding energy of a peak top is in a range of not less than 529.0 eV and less than 530.7 eV is represented by ?, and an area of a peak in which a binding energy of a peak top is in a range of not less than 530.7 eV and less than 532.2 eV is represented as ?: S = ? / ( ? + ? ) .

Abstract: One composite composition of the present invention contains: a silicon fine particle; and a silicon suboxide (SiOX, wherein x is ½, 1, or 3/2) and/or a mixed composition of the silicon suboxide and silicon dioxide, at least partially covering the surface of the silicon fine particle.

Abstract: An object is to provide a pharmaceutical or the like that can prevent or treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pain associated with inactivity, or acute pancreatitis. [Solving Means] When silicon small particles are orally administered or placed on a skin or a mucous membrane, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pain associated with inactivity, and acute pancreatitis can be prevented or treated. The silicon small particles are particles each of which generates hydrogen when brought into contact with an aqueous solution having a pH of 7 or more. Provided is a preventive or therapeutic agent, pharmaceutical composition, medical device, food, or beverage comprising the silicon small particles for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pain associated with inactivity, or acute pancreatitis. The silicon small particles are suitably silicon fine particles and/or aggregates of the silicon fine particles.

Abstract: Provided are a host-group-containing polymerizable monomer usable as a starting material for producing a macromolecular material with a high degree of freedom in material design, and excellent toughness and strength; a macromolecular material produced using the host-group-containing polymerizable monomer; and a method for producing the macromolecular material. The host-group-containing polymerizable monomer according to the present invention is a host-group-containing polymerizable monomer, and the host group is a monovalent group formed by removing one hydrogen atom or hydroxy group from a cyclodextrin derivative. The cyclodextrin derivative has such a structure that the hydrogen atom of at least one hydroxy group of a cyclodextrin is replaced with a group selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon group, an acyl group, and —CONHR wherein R represents a methyl group or an ethyl group.

Abstract: A compound represented by Formula (I), or a salt thereof: wherein, R1 represents an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkylthio group, or the like; A1 represents a nitrogen atom or CH; A2 represents a nitrogen atom or CR2; R2 and R3 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted or substituted C6-10 aryl group, an unsubstituted or substituted 3- to 6-membered heterocyclyl group, or the like; B1 and B2 each independently represents a nitrogen atom or CR5, with the proviso that B1 and B2 do not represent CR5 at the same time, wherein R5 represents a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkyl group, or the like; R4 represents an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkyl group, or the like, and R4 binds to any one of nitrogen atoms forming an imidazole ring or a triazole ring; and Ar represents an unsubstituted or substituted C6-10 aryl group or the like.

Abstract: An intestinal bacteria reducing agent of the present invention is a reducing agent which contains silicon particles or silicon fine particles and reduces the number of bacteria in the intestine. The intestinal bacteria reducing agent can reduce the number of bacteria in the intestine by a new action that cannot be explained by the heretofore known hydrogen generating capability of silicon particles or silicon fine particles, that is, the capability of eliminating hydroxyl radicals.

Abstract: One drug (solid preparation) 100 of the present invention is a drug for a disease of kidney that contains a silicon fine particle, an aggregate of the silicon fine particles, or a crystal grain of silicon having a hydrogen-generating ability. Hydrogen generated from the silicon fine particle in the drug can contribute to the prevention and/or treatment of the kidney disease.

Abstract: An exemplary hydrogen production apparatus 100 according to the present invention includes a grinding unit 10 configured to grind a silicon chip or a silicon grinding scrap 1 to form silicon fine particles 2, and a hydrogen generator 70 configured to generate hydrogen by causing the silicon fine particles 2 to contact with as well as disperse in, or to contact with or dispersed in water or an aqueous solution. The hydrogen production apparatus 100 can achieve reliable production of a practically adequate amount of hydrogen from a start material of silicon chips or silicon grinding scraps that are ordinarily regarded as waste. The hydrogen production apparatus thus effectively utilizes the silicon chips or the silicon grinding scraps so as to contribute to environmental protection as well as to significant reduction in cost for production of hydrogen that is utilized as an energy source in the next generation.

Abstract: An exemplary hydrogen production apparatus 100 according to the present invention includes a grinding unit 10 configured to grind a silicon chip or a silicon grinding scrap 1 to form silicon fine particles 2, and a hydrogen generator 70 configured to generate hydrogen by causing the silicon fine particles 2 to contact with as well as disperse in, or to contact with or dispersed in water or an aqueous solution. The hydrogen production apparatus 100 can achieve reliable production of a practically adequate amount of hydrogen from a start material of silicon chips or silicon grinding scraps that are ordinarily regarded as waste. The hydrogen production apparatus thus effectively utilizes the silicon chips or the silicon grinding scraps so as to contribute to environmental protection as well as to significant reduction in cost for production of hydrogen that is utilized as an energy source in the next generation.

Abstract: One solid preparation of the present invention mainly includes silicon fine particles, and has a capability of generating hydrogen. In addition, one specific example of the solid preparation mainly includes silicon fine particles having a crystallite diameter principally of 1 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and exhibits a capability of generating hydrogen in an amount of 3 ml/g or more when brought into contact with a water-containing liquid having a pH value of 7 or more. In this solid preparation, hydrogen is generated when the silicon fine particles are brought into contact with a water-containing liquid having a pH value of 7 or more. Therefore, taking advantage of the characteristics of the solid preparation, generation of hydrogen is promoted in, for example, a gastrointestinal tract where the pH value is 7 or more due to secretion of pancreatic fluid after passage through the stomach after oral ingestion.

Abstract: One compound according to the present invention contains silicon fine particles having a capability of generating hydrogen or aggregates of the silicon fine particles. The compound that contains the silicon fine particles or the aggregates having a capability of generating hydrogen is capable of generating hydrogen in the body of, for example, an animal that has ingested the compound. For a plant, the compound can be disposed or charged into, for example, moisture (water-containing liquid) or fertilizer to be provided to the plant, to supply the plant with hydrogen generated from the compound.

Abstract: One solid preparation of the present invention mainly includes silicon fine particles, and has a capability of generating hydrogen. In addition, one specific example of the solid preparation mainly includes silicon fine particles having a crystallite diameter principally of 1 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and exhibits a capability of generating hydrogen in an amount of 3 ml/g or more when brought into contact with a water-containing liquid having a pH value of 7 or more. In this solid preparation, hydrogen is generated when the silicon fine particles are brought into contact with a water-containing liquid having a pH value of 7 or more. Therefore, taking advantage of the characteristics of the solid preparation, generation of hydrogen is promoted in, for example, a gastrointestinal tract where the pH value is 7 or more due to secretion of pancreatic fluid after passage through the stomach after oral ingestion.

Abstract: One compound (100) according to the present invention contains silicon fine particles having a capability of generating hydrogen or aggregates of the silicon fine particles. The compound that contains the silicon fine particles or the aggregates having a capability of generating hydrogen is capable of generating hydrogen in the body of, for example, an animal that has ingested the compound. For a plant, the compound can be disposed or charged into, for example, moisture (water-containing liquid) or fertilizer to be provided to the plant, to supply the plant with hydrogen generated from the compound.

Abstract: A laminate which allows to obtain an organic thin-film solar cell having excellent output characteristics and transparency is provided. The laminate as above has a titanium oxide layer that is disposed on the member serving as a light-transmissive electrode layer and serves as an electron transport layer. The titanium oxide layer has a thickness of not less than 1.0 nm and not more than 200.0 nm. The titanium oxide layer contains indium oxide and metallic indium, InOx/Ti is not less than 0.50 and not more than 20.00 in atomic ratio, and InM/Ti is less than 0.100 in atomic ratio, where an elemental titanium content is represented by Ti, an indium oxide content is represented by InOx, and a metallic indium content is represented by InM.

Abstract: A layered solid formulation as one hydrogen supply material according to the present invention includes silicon fine particles having a capability of generating hydrogen and aggregates of the silicon fine particles, and a physiologically acceptable medium that gets contact with the silicon fine particles or the aggregates thereof. The hydrogen supply material is a hydrogen supply material for bringing the hydrogen into contact with the skin and/or the mucous membrane through the medium.

Abstract: A layered solid formulation (100a) as one hydrogen supply material (200) according to the present invention includes silicon fine particles having a capability of generating hydrogen and aggregates of the silicon fine particles, and a physiologically acceptable medium (90b) that gets contact with the silicon fine particles or the aggregates thereof. The hydrogen supply material (200) is a hydrogen supply material for bringing the hydrogen into contact with the skin and/or the mucous membrane through the medium (90b).

Abstract: A laminate which allows to obtain an organic thin-film solar cell having excellent output characteristics and transparency is provided. The laminate as above has a titanium oxide layer that is disposed on the member serving as a light-transmissive electrode layer and serves as an electron transport layer. The titanium oxide layer has a thickness of not less than 1.0 nm and not more than 200.0 nm. The titanium oxide layer contains indium oxide and metallic indium, InOx/Ti is not less than 0.50 and not more than 20.00 in atomic ratio, and InM/Ti is less than 0.100 in atomic ratio, where an elemental titanium content is represented by Ti, an indium oxide content is represented by InOx, and a metallic indium content is represented by InM.

Abstract: One solid preparation of the present invention mainly includes silicon fine particles, and has a capability of generating hydrogen. In addition, one specific example of the solid preparation mainly includes silicon fine particles having a crystallite diameter principally of 1 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and exhibits a capability of generating hydrogen in an amount of 3 ml/g or more when brought into contact with a water-containing liquid having a pH value of 7 or more. In this solid preparation, hydrogen is generated when the silicon fine particles are brought into contact with a water-containing liquid having a pH value of 7 or more. Therefore, taking advantage of the characteristics of the solid preparation, generation of hydrogen is promoted in, for example, a gastrointestinal tract where the pH value is 7 or more due to secretion of pancreatic fluid after passage through the stomach after oral ingestion.

Abstract: One solid preparation of the present invention mainly includes silicon fine particles, and has a capability of generating hydrogen. In addition, one specific example of the solid preparation mainly includes silicon fine particles having a crystallite diameter principally of 1 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and exhibits a capability of generating hydrogen in an amount of 3 ml/g or more when brought into contact with a water-containing liquid having a pH value of 7 or more. In this solid preparation, hydrogen is generated when the silicon fine particles are brought into contact with a water-containing liquid having a pH value of 7 or more. Therefore, taking advantage of the characteristics of the solid preparation, generation of hydrogen is promoted in, for example, a gastrointestinal tract where the pH value is 7 or more due to secretion of pancreatic fluid after passage through the stomach after oral ingestion.

Abstract: One drug (preparation) of the present invention is a drug for a reproductive disorder containing a silicon fine particle, an aggregate of silicon fine particles or a crystal grain of silicon having a hydrogen-generating ability. Hydrogen generated from the silicon fine particle in the drug can contribute to the prevention and/or treatment of reproductive disorder.