Abstract: A mechanism for effecting a displacement output, the mechanism comprising: at least one flexural module, the at least one flexural module comprising: a frame; at least one component connected to the frame via a first flexure and connected to the displacement output via at least a second flexure; wherein the at least one flexural module is monolithic and/or unitary and each component is configured to be independently actuatable such that the displacement output is displaced when at least one component is actuated.

Abstract: The nanopositioner that consists of two parallelograms is formed in inverted manner to each other. The amplification lever from the actuator point actuates the second parallelogram, which comes from the first one. The lever and the second parallelogram are connected by means of flexural hinges. This entire system is a monolithic structure as shown in FIG. 5. When the actuator expands, the actuator lever actuates the second parallelogram at the center or middle of its column length. This causes the displacement of both the parallelograms. Since the two parallelograms are perpendicular to each other, perpendicular deflection is reduced. Actuating at the center of the parallelogram length with amplification lever reduces the arcuate motion and linear displacement of the moving stage is obtained in the nanopositioner.

Abstract: The field of invention is related to a method of producing nanoparticles of less than 100 nm using a stirred media mill and a novel stirred media mill for producing the nanoparticles. The dead zones present in the stirred media mill, are the main cause of long time grinding and wide size distribution of product and is rectified in our design by optimum design of stirrer which will transfer the energy to beads at all parts in the chamber homogeneously for efficient and fast. The invention also discloses the design and operating conditions for production of nanoparticle in stirred media mill.