Abstract: A non-invasive method for determining the presence or severity of a bodily disorder associated with hyperactivity or increased expression of a signal transduction protein, transcription factor, or protein kinase that is a member of the MAPK or GPCR pathways. A reagent that binds to such a signal transduction protein, transcription factor, or protein kinase is non-invasively contacted to a tissue or fluid within the body of a subject or to a fluid removed from a subject, the reagent is permitted to bind to the signal transduction protein, transcription factor, or protein kinase in the tissue or fluid, the presence of binding of the reagent to the signal transduction protein, transcription factor, or protein kinase in said tissue or fluid is determined, and the binding is correlated with the presence or severity of said bodily disorder within the subject.

Abstract: Derivatives of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor compounds are made incorporating a label that can be identified upon administration into the body of a mammal and subsequent binding of the compounds with cyclooxygenase-2 that is overexpressed due to a disease condition such as cancer.