Abstract: The present invention relates to recombinant Rhabdoviridae, isolated nucleic acids, vectors, cells and compositions comprising same. The recombinant Rhabdoviridae, isolated nucleic acids, vectors, cells and compositions express Rhabdoviral proteins including a mutated matrix protein (M) and/or a mutated glycoprotein (G), in addition to expression of at least one foreign nucleic acid. The present invention also relates to methods of use thereof, including their use in vivo, in anti-cancer applications, such as in the treatment of gliomas. The recombinant Rhabdoviridae of the present invention are also useful in gene therapy and vaccine applications.