Abstract: A working machine includes a prime mover, a hydraulic pump driven by power of the prime mover, a cooler including a cooling fan rotated by either the power of the prime mover or hydraulic fluid delivered from the hydraulic pump, and a controller configured or programmed to perform a reduction control for reducing a target fan rotation speed that is a target rotation speed of the cooling fan in response to reduction of an actual prime mover rotation speed that is an actual rotation speed of the prime mover, and to perform, after the reduction control, a restoration control for restoring the target fan rotation speed. The controller is configured or programmed to make a difference between a reduction rate of the target fan rotation speed in the reduction control and an increase rate of the target fan rotation speed in the restoration control.

Abstract: An eddy current sensor assembly includes an eddy current sensor and an output signal processing circuit that processes an output signal from the eddy current sensor. The output signal processing circuit includes a mixer circuit that accepts the output signal and a signal of the predetermined frequency as input, multiplies the two signals received as input, and outputs an output signal obtained by the multiplication, and a low-pass filter that accepts the output signal output by the mixer circuit as input, cuts a high-frequency signal included in the output signal received as input, and outputs at least a direct-current (DC) signal.

Abstract: A power supply system includes a system control unit, an auxiliary power supply, and an auxiliary-power-supply control unit. The system control unit and the auxiliary-power-supply control unit are configured such that information of at least one control unit of the system control unit and the auxiliary-power-supply control unit is able to be output to another control unit of the system control unit and the auxiliary-power-supply control unit. The at least one control unit is configured to output information indicating that an operation of the at least one control unit is stopped to the other control unit when the at least one control unit stops the operation of the at least one control unit.

Abstract: Injection of the fuel by the injector 43 creates a gas flow in the combustion chamber. The gas expands in a radial fashion from an axis of a cylinder toward a radial outside of the cylinder, and then flows from the radial outside along the cylinder head bottom face 221 toward the axis of the cylinder. The spark plug 41 has a gap positioned away from the axis of the cylinder toward the radial outside of the cylinder at a predetermined distance, and placed radially inwardly from a position opposite a rim of an opening of the cavity 242. A side electrode extends to be oriented in a direction perpendicular to the flow of the gas along the cylinder head bottom face. The gap has a center positioned near the cylinder head bottom face, and closer to an interior of a combustion chamber than to the cylinder head bottom face.

Abstract: Injection of the fuel by the injector 43 creates a gas flow in the combustion chamber. The gas expands in a radial fashion from an axis of a cylinder toward a radial outside of the cylinder, and then flows from the radial outside along the cylinder head bottom face 221 toward the axis of the cylinder. The spark plug 41 has a gap positioned away from the axis of the cylinder toward the radial outside of the cylinder at a predetermined distance, and placed radially inwardly from a position opposite a rim of an opening of the cavity 242. A side electrode extends to be oriented in a direction perpendicular to the flow of the gas along the cylinder head bottom face. The gap has a center positioned near the cylinder head bottom face, and closer to an interior of a combustion chamber than to the cylinder head bottom face.

Abstract: A combustion chamber structure for an engine is provided. The structure includes a piston formed with a downward dented cavity in a central part of an upper surface thereof, and a cylinder head forming a combustion chamber having a pent-roof shape. The upper surface of the piston has an annular part extending from an outer edge of the cavity to an outer edge of the upper surface, and surrounding the outer edge of the cavity. The annular part is formed with first and second piston upper surface portions. When the piston is at a top dead center, a ratio of a volume of a space formed between the first piston upper surface portion and a bottom surface of the cylinder head with respect to a volume of a space formed between the second piston upper surface portion and the bottom surface becomes below a predetermined value.

Abstract: A semiconductor light emitting element is provided in which an optical intensity distribution of light to be emitted is the normal distribution and which can form a highly fine image. In the semiconductor light emitting element, first regions and second regions are periodically and alternately arranged in an optical waveguide along an extending direction thereof, and when the number of the first regions and the number of the second regions are represented by P1 and P2, respectively, if (P1?P2)=1, P2 is an integer of 2 or more, and if (P2?P1)=1, P1 is an integer of 2 or more. In addition, the effective refractive index of the first region is different from the effective refractive index of the second region, the width of the first region is different from the width of the second region, or two types of light in a fundamental transverse mode are emitted.

Abstract: A semiconductor light-emitting element includes a substrate, a recess in the substrate, and a ridge portion disposed in the recess, the ridge portion having a constant width, in which the recess has a width that varies in the longitudinal direction of the ridge portion, the ridge portion is formed of a compound semiconductor multilayer structure including an active layer, and the active layer has a thickness that varies in the longitudinal direction of the ridge portion.

Abstract: A system and method of controlling an internal combustion engine are provided. The method may include closing said intake valve at a timing in a first range, which is before a maximum charge closing timing with which an amount of air inducted into said cylinder from said air intake passage would be maximized at a given engine speed, during a cylinder cycle when a desired amount of air to be inducted into said cylinder is less than or equal to a predetermined air amount at the given engine speed. The method may further include closing said intake valve at a timing in a second range, which is after said maximum charge closing timing and separated from said first range during a cylinder cycle, when a desired amount of air to be inducted into said cylinder is greater than said predetermined air amount at the given engine speed.

Abstract: There is provided a spark ignited internal combustion engine having a geometric compression ratio of 13.0 or greater. The engine comprises combustion chambers having a cylinder stroke volume of 0.3 liter or greater, with the spark plug in the chamber ceiling having its spark point in the combustion chamber, and a cavity being formed on the top surface of the piston. At least part of the cavity defines a spherical surface that a hypothetical sphere having its center at the spark point contacts when the piston is at top dead center. The cavity is formed so that V2/V1?0.31, where V1 is top-dead-center combustion chamber volume, and V2 is the volume of the part of the hypothetical sphere not interfering with the combustion chamber floor or ceiling at top dead center. The flame thus spreads with less interference, shortening combustion duration and reducing fuel consumption.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor resistor includes forming a well region in a semiconductor substrate, with the well region serving as a resistive region, forming a pair of contact regions spaced apart from each other in the well region, and forming a diffusion region in an intermediate portion between the pair of contact regions on a surface of the well region. The diffusion region is configured to adjust resistance and temperature dependence of the semiconductor resistor.

Abstract: A vacuum suction system comprises a work conveyor table 2 having work receiving openings 5, and a table base 3 having vacuum suction channels 7 which communicate with the work receiving openings 5 of the conveyor table 2. The work receiving openings 5 and the vacuum suction channels 7 communicate with a vacuum generation source 17 via a vacuum pipe 9. A negative pressure sensor 10 is disposed on the vacuum pipe 9. Based on a signal from the negative pressure sensor 10, a compressed air generation source 20 supplies a compressed air to the vacuum pipe 9 and thereby stabilizes the vacuum level in the vacuum pipe 9.

Abstract: A network management system comprises a unit for identifying a node, whose settings are to be modified, from design pattern information about a network to be managed; a unit for finding values of various timers included in the network management system and in the node whose settings are to be modified about the identified node based on a template for timer control; and a unit for causing the found values of the timers to be reflected simultaneously in the network management system and in the node whose settings are to be modified.

Abstract: There is provided a spark ignited internal combustion engine having a geometric compression ratio of 13.0 or greater. The engine comprises combustion chambers having a cylinder stroke volume of 0.3 liter or greater, with the spark plug in the chamber ceiling having its spark point in the combustion chamber, and a cavity being formed on the top surface of the piston. At least part of the cavity defines a spherical surface that a hypothetical sphere having its center at the spark point contacts when the piston is at top dead center. The cavity is formed so that V2/V1?0.31, where V1 is top-dead-center combustion chamber volume, and V2 is the volume of the part of the hypothetical sphere not interfering with the combustion chamber floor or ceiling at top dead center. The flame thus spreads with less interference, shortening combustion duration and reducing fuel consumption.

Abstract: A VPN service management system enabling a customer to rapidly and easily change a VPN service condition, that is, a VPN service management system for managing a VPN service for a communication network provided with a customer network and a provider network and having a VPN service manager for managing a VPN service for a provider network and a VPN service agent for managing a VPN service for a customer network. The VPN service manager changes the VPN service condition in real time in accordance with an operation status of the customer network in cooperation with the VPN service agent.

Abstract: A system and method of controlling an internal combustion engine are provided. The method may include closing said intake valve at a timing in a first range, which is before a maximum charge closing timing with which an amount of air inducted into said cylinder from said air intake passage would be maximized at a given engine speed, during a cylinder cycle when a desired amount of air to be inducted into said cylinder is less than or equal to a predetermined air amount at the given engine speed. The method may further include closing said intake valve at a timing in a second range, which is after said maximum charge closing timing and separated from said first range during a cylinder cycle, when a desired amount of air to be inducted into said cylinder is greater than said predetermined air amount at the given engine speed.

Abstract: In a network employing code division multiplex access, a distortion compensation amplifying apparatus is provided which is capable of making quick response to carry out the distortion compensation with high accuracy even if the signal power to be inputted thereto varies rapidly. In this distortion compensation amplifying apparatus, the renewal of a distortion compensation coefficient in a renewing unit is complemented on the basis of a result of amplification in an amplifier with respect to a signal code-division-multiplexed in a pseudo-signal multiplexing unit.

Abstract: A distortion compensator updating and selecting a distortion compensation coefficient applied to a digital transmission signal so as to reduce the difference between the digital transmission signal and a digital feedback signal is disclosed. The distortion compensator includes a control part that controls the level of an input signal to an analog-to-digital conversion part outputting the digital feedback signal in accordance with the magnitude of the amplitude of the digital transmission signal.

Abstract: To provide a multivendor-compatible printed board. On one face of an IVH (Interstitial Via Hole) board, wiring is provided for mounting a first semiconductor device, and on the other face, wiring is provided for mounting a second semiconductor device having pin positions and pin counts different from the first semiconductor. By the IVH board according to the present invention, one face can be used for mounting the first semiconductor device, and the other face can be used for mounting the second semiconductor device. Thus, even when the semiconductor device mounted on the IVH board of the present invention is changed, it becomes possible to use the identical board.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor resistor includes forming a well region in a semiconductor substrate, with the well region serving as a resistive region, forming a pair of contact regions spaced apart from each other in the well region, and forming a diffusion region in an intermediate portion between the pair of contact regions on a surface of the well region. The diffusion region is configured to adjust resistance and temperature dependence of the semiconductor resistor.