Abstract: A defect signal generating circuit comprises a low pass filter circuit which receives an input signal whose signal level is changed from a reference level to a higher level or a lower level corresponding to a dark defect or a bright defect of a optical disk, and outputs a low pass filter signal having a time constant longer than the input signal; an operation circuit which operates a difference between a level of the input signal and a level of the low pass filter signal, and outputs a first operation value; a defect determination circuit which determines whether a defect is the dark defect or the bright defect on the basis of the sign of the first operation value; a defect detection determination circuit which compares the absolute value of the first operation value with the absolute value of a first reference value, and determines that a defect is detected when the absolute value of the first operation value is larger than the absolute value of the first reference value; and an output circuit which outputs

Abstract: A configuration having two drive shafts, a drive system 4 connected to one end of each drive shaft for rotationally driving the respective drive shaft, and a holding and transfer mechanism 5, 6 connected to the other end and having a holding device 5a, 6a for holding an IC, each holding and transfer mechanism 5, 6 being able to operate independently.

Abstract: A configuration having two drive shafts, a drive system 4 connected to one end of each drive shaft for rotationally driving the respective drive shaft, and a holding and transfer mechanism 5, 6 connected to the other end and having a holding device 5a, 6a for holding an IC, each holding and transfer mechanism 5, 6 being able to operate independently.

Abstract: A new parts handling apparatus is provided which can shorten the index time and increase working ability without increasing the number of components and can restrict the rise of manufacturing cost. X driving member 12 to be moved rightward and leftward in correlation to the rotation of a ball screw 2 by a servomotor 1 is provided with a pair of right and left movable members 7 mounted movably in the Z direction. Two contact hands 5 are attached to each movable member 7 through aligning mechanisms 8 respectively. Each movable member 7 is provided with a Z driving member 6 mounted slidably in the X direction. The Z driving member 6 is engaged with a ball screw 4, and the ball screw 4 is connected to a servomotor 3. When the ball screw 4 is rotated by the servomotor 3, the Z driving member 6 moves vertically in the figure, thereby also moving the movable member 7 vertically.

Abstract: A new parts handling apparatus is provided which can shorten the index time and increase working ability without increasing the number of components and can restrict the rise of manufacturing cost. X driving member 12 to be moved rightward and leftward in correlation to the rotation of a ball screw 2 by a servomotor 1 is provided with a pair of right and left movable members 7 mounted movably in the Z direction. Two contact hands 5 are attached to each movable member 7 through aligning mechanisms 8 respectively. Each movable member 7 is provided with a Z driving member 6 mounted slidably in the X direction. The Z driving member 6 is engaged with a ball screw 4, and the ball screw 4 is connected to a servomotor 3. When the ball screw 4 is rotated by the servomotor 3, the Z driving member 6 moves vertically in the figure, thereby also moving the movable member 7 vertically.

Abstract: A small-capacity multi-purpose batch plant comprises a multi-floor type structure and reaction vessels with jackets for heating and/or cooling. The jacket consists of two halves which are attachable to and detachable from the vessel by closing and opening. The vessels are transported to any position in the structure by stacker cranes and/or conveying trucks in horizontal directions in the same stages and in vertical directions between the different stages. Heating and cooling of the vessels can be done with any heating and cooling media. The usable temperature range is wide, and there is no risk of distortion and cracking at the welded parts of the vessels due to thermal stress. Processes in which transfer of the liquid, particularly, separation of two phases or dropping is involved can be carried out without using pipings and pumps, and thus, contamination is minimized.

Abstract: A switch structure for an electronic timepiece including a multi-position external operational member is provided. The structure includes a click lever and a switch lever, each operationally engaged with the external operational member. Rotation of the external operational member pivots the switch lever for making a first switching connection. Axial displacement of the external operational member shifts the switch lever for making a second switching action upon operation of the external operational member. In a digital electronic timepiece including the switch structure, adjustment of time may be made when the click lever is in a first position and a calendar adjustment may be made once the click lever is in a second position.

Abstract: A new parts handling apparatus is provided which can shorten the index time and increase working ability without increasing the number of components and can restrict the rise of manufacturing cost. X driving member 12 to be moved rightward and leftward in correlation to the rotation of a ball screw 2 by a servomotor 1 is provided with a pair of right and left movable members 7 mounted movably in the Z direction. Two contact hands 5 are attached to each movable member 7 through aligning mechanisms 8 respectively. Each movable member 7 is provided with a Z driving member 6 mounted slidably in the X direction. The Z driving member 6 is engaged with a ball screw 4, and the ball screw 4 is connected to a servomotor 3. When the ball screw 4 is rotated by the servomotor 3, the Z driving member 6 moves vertically in the figure, thereby also moving the movable member 7 vertically.