Abstract: A focal plane shutter has at least one shutter blade group comprised of a leading blade and a set of trailing blades. A first parallel link mechanism is pivotally connected at two spaced locations to the leading blade to effect displacement of the leading blade relative to a shutter opening. A second parallel link mechanism is pivotally connected at two or more spaced locations to the set of trailing blades to effect displacement of the trailing blades relative to the shutter opening. The distance between the two pivotal connections of the first parallel link mechanism is greater than the distance between the at least two pivotal connections of the second parallel link mechanism.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing molten pig iron is disclosed which comprises:forming a packed bed of coke in a vertical furnace having a charging port in an upper portion thereof for charging raw materials and discharging gases, one or more primary tuyeres in its lower portion, and one or more secondary tuyeres in a wall of the furnace at a level above the primary tuyere, the packed bed of coke extending higher than the level of the primary tuyere;forming a packed bed of scrap and iron ore atop the packed bed of coke to a level which extends above the secondary tuyere; andblowing an oxidizing gas through the primary tuyere and the secondary tuyere to melt and reduce the scrap iron and iron ore.

Abstract: A camera system of the type having a lens shutter, a focal-plane shutter, an aperture defined by the lens shutter, and a camera lens, includes a selector circuit which sets an operation mode to either a lens shutter mode in which the lens shutter is operated as a programmed shutter or a focal-plane shutter mode in which the shutter speed is controlled by the focal-plane shutter and the aperture of the camera system is controlled by the lens shutter; a first driving system which controls the lens shutter; a second driving system which controls the time during which the focal-plane shutter is operated; a sequential control circuit which controls the timing of the first and second driving systems; a setting circuit which sets the focal length of the camera lens; an arithmetic circuit which produces an output signal in response to the brightness of the subject, the distance to the subject, the focal length of the lens and the sensitivity of the film; and a switching circuit which switches the operation mode to th

Abstract: A method of driving a motor-driven shutter for a camera having a sector opening lever which is pivotal to open and close sectors, a sector opening cam movably supported and engageable with an engagement pin provided on the sector opening lever, an actuating member for pivoting the sector opening lever through engagement between the sector opening cam and the engagement pin, and a reversible motor for driving the actuating member. The motor is temporarily suspended when the actuating member is driven to a position where the sector opening cam comes into contact with the engagement pin, and the motor is restarted to cause the engagement pin to reach a predetermined position on the sector opening cam. Thus, it is possible to obtain a stable shutter opening operation and hence increase the degree of aperture accuracy.

Abstract: A device for activating shutter blades relative to a shutter opening and utilizing a control signal from an electronic circuit includes an electric motor rotatable clockwise and counterclockwise according to a control signal from the electronic circuit, a gear driven by the motor, the gear being located on one side of the shutter opening, fixed pivot axes located on an opposite side of the shutter opening, and a shutter operable device comprising shutter blades pivotable about the fixed pivot axes, the shutter operable device having gear teeth meshing with the gear such that the gear is operable to pivot the shutter blades clockwise and counterclockwise about fixed pivot axes to open and close the shutter opening.

Abstract: A motor-driven shutter mechanism is provided with a lens protecting mechanism to protect the lens of a camera. The lens protecting mechanism consists of one or more lens guard members movable back and forth upon operation of the camera's motor-driven focussing and aperture setting mechanism to cover and uncover the lens. The lens guards are operably interconnected with the same motor which controls the focussing and aperture setting operations of the camera.

Abstract: A motor driven shutter for a camera provided with a drive member moving in a lens operating area and an exposure operating area that are parted in one and the other, only one motor capable of reciprocal operation for operating said drive member, a range member for setting a lens position by interlocking with said drive member in said lens operating area, an urging member for urging said range member in a direction toward an initial position, an opening and closing member which has a sector open and close by interlocking with said drive member on said exposure operating area, locking means which locks said range member at a position corresponding to a focusing direction signal, and releasing means for releasing the locking of said range member by moving said drive member to the lens operating area again after exposure operation is completed.

Abstract: A flashmatic device for cameras equipped with a programmed electronic shutter having sectors serving also as diaphragm blades, firing the flash at a suitable point in a phase of the shutter operation in which the aperture is gradually opened, to ensure synchronized flash shooting. Even in a case where a sector closing signal is produced earlier than a flash trigger signal, the flash is fired by means of a switch which is closed in relation with the sector closing motion to make flash synchronization possible under any condition.

Abstract: An electromagnetically releasable shutter for a camera comprises an electromagnet (8) which is energized upon the execution of shutter releasing operation and de-energized after an exposure time corresponding to the brightness of the object has elapsed since energization, an armature lever (7) which is driven by the electromagnet (8), an actuating member (4) which starts moving to drive a diaphragm operating member (6) in a direction to open the diaphragm when the armature lever (7) is attracted by the electromagnet (8), and a shutter closing member (9) which drives the diaphragm operating member (6) in a direction to close the diaphragm when the armature lever (7) is released from the electromagnet (8). The actuating member (4) is provided with a part to restrain the operation of the shutter closing member (9) when the actuating member (4) is at the charged position.

Abstract: An electromagnetically actuated shutter for a camera wherein automatic focusing and exposing operation are controlled by means of a single reversible stepping motor.

Abstract: In an automatic focusing camera capable of bringing the lens into focus by automatically detecting the distance between the object and the camera, an automatic focusing device for a camera comprises an actuating member which is operated prior to the start of shutter operation, and a retainer which retains the actuating member at the initial stage of the release operation. The retainer is adapted to cancel the retention of the actuating member prior to start of the shutter operation by the shutter releasing member. The actuating member is interlocked with a coincidence type rangefinder which detects the focus of the lens and the actuating member can be returned to its initial position interlocking with the return motion of the shutter releasing member.

Abstract: A camera equipped with an electronic shutter having an automatic focus detecting device capable of automatic focusing of the photographing lens through detection of the distance between the object being photographed and the camera comprises an electronic module for the automatic focus detection system, an electronic module for the automatic exposure control system, an electromagnet connected to both of the electronic modules, and an obstructing means capable of constraining the electromagnet at a first position during the course of displacement of the electromagnet from a first position to a second position.

Abstract: A focal point adjusting and change-over mechanism for an automatic focusing camera, including a mechanism for restricting a position of the camera photographic lens in response to a distance sensing signal, and a change-over mechanism manually operable to at least two positions including an automatic position and a manual position. The restricting mechanism is operative to provide automatic focusing of the lens when the change-over mechanism is set at a position for automatic operation, and the change-over mechanism renders the distance sensing signal or the restricting mechanism inoperative when set at the position for manual operation, and thereby manual focusing is carried out in accordance with the manually set position of the change-over mechanism in the manual position.

Abstract: Automatic focusing adjustor device provided with a focusing sensor signal corresponding to an object distance by photoelectrically comparing an optical image obtainable through a fixed mirror and another optical image obtainable through a movable mirror wherein when the focusing sensor signal is not obtained, two steps of distance adjustment may be made by an output signal from a brightness sensor circuit for use in sensing a brightness of the object.

Abstract: An automatic lens focusing mechanism including a displaceable operating member, a focusing mechanism cooperative with the operating member for changing the focus of a lens as the operating member is displaced, and a mechanism comprising a control member displaced by the operating member as the operating member is displaced. An electromagnet is effective to hold an armature when it is energized. When the electromagnet is not energized the armature is mounted for sliding across a face of the electromagnet adjacent and parallel to the electromagnet face. A focus detecting mechanism energizes the electromagnet when the control member is at a position corresponding to a focused condition of the lens for holding the armature and the control member at a position corresponding to the focused condition to thereby hold the lens at the focused condition.

Abstract: An automatic focusing apparatus for use in a camera has an operating member which moves from a rest position to a depressed position. An actuating member is rotatably mounted on the operating member and a detecting member is mounted for movement from a first position to a second position and is biased normally into the first position. The actuating member enables the detecting member to move from the first to the second position in response to the movement of the operating member from the rest position to the depressed position and disengages from the detecting member when the operating member is in the depressed position to enable the detecting member to move from the second position to the first position under the action of its bias. A device produces an electric signal corresponding to the position of the detecting member and a focus scanning member is movable over its entire focus scanning range in response to the movement of the detecting member between its first and second positions.

Abstract: A camera shutter having a sector operating member for use in opening and closing a sector which is also used as an aperture vane and has a normally closed condition, a driving member which is moved by itself after a release operation, a sector opening member movable on said driving member and a control member the position of which may be changed in response to a brightness of the object to be photographed.In the programmed shutter said control member controls the degree of engagement between said sector opening member and said sector operating member during a displacement of said driving member and the opening of the sector is controlled in response to a brightness of the object to be photographed.

Abstract: An electronic programmed shutter has a sector which is also used as an aperture vane, a sector opening and closing lever normally biased in the sector closing direction, a driving member which is moved in a linear direction by a release operation of the shutter, an electromagnetic device for controlling the closing time of the shutter by an electronic switching circuit, and a driving lever having a first cam face acting in such a direction as the sector is opened by the sector opening and closing lever and a second cam face coacting with the electromagnetic device.

Abstract: A diaphragm control device for flash photography is incorporated in a programming electric eye camera including an exposure control circuit and capable of automatically setting exposure time and diaphragm aperture according to the light of subject, the exposure control circuit has a photoconductive element and is adapted for controlling an electromagnet.The device includes a diaphragm lever operating in a fixed manner by the action of a spring to define diaphragm aperture, a control arm of a distance setting member, a diaphragm regulation lever controlled by the control arm and a change lever for interchanging first or second positions, at respective positions the diaphragm regulation lever being out of or in the turnable area of the diaphragm control lever.

Abstract: A camera with a photoflash circuit for performing the preparatory operation of charging a main capacitor with high voltage produced by an electrical oscillation circuit and flash operation in synchronization with a shutter exposure operation for the taking of a photograph, a data recorder circuit for recording data such as the date on film under electrical control, both circuits being operated with a single battery, characterized in that when both the photoflash and the data recorder circuits are operated, the terminal voltage of the battery is kept unchanged by interrupting the preparatory operation of the photoflash circuit with an operating signal from the data recorder during its recording operation for recording such data on the film with a proper exposure.