Abstract: A matrix-type display device includes a display electrode board that has a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged into a matrix. A set of scan lines extend in parallel in one direction and a set signal lines extend in an orthogonal direction so that these lines are arranged between adjacent pixel electrodes. A spare line intersects at least some of the scan lines and/or said signal lines at each end of said set of lines so as to sandwich an insulating film therebetween, and a lead-out line is connected to one end of the spare line. The lead-out lines are connected to external connecting lines, which are outside of the display electrode board, so that the lead-out lines can be connected to each other through said connecting lines. Line breakdowns can be corrected and the correction of the breakdowns entails little or no increase in load capacity, electrical resistance, and noise with respect to the corrected line.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is described which contains picture element electrodes arranged on an insulating substrate and thin film transistors for switching the voltage to be applied to the picture element electrodes. The device is characterized in that additional capacity electrodes are formed from the same material as electrodes of the thin film transistors, between the insulating substrate and the picture element electrodes.

Abstract: An active matrix board comprises pixel electrodes (9) that are disposed in a matrix fashion on an insulating substrate (1), scan lines (23) which are disposed in a parallel manner between the individual pixel electrodes (9), addition capacity lines (31), and signal lines (11) which intersect the scan lines (23) and the addition capacity lines (31). Each scan line (23) comprises a lower scan line (2) which is discontinuously disposed and an anodizable upper scan line (3) that covers the lower scan line (2) and is continuously disposed. Similarly, each addition capacity line (31) comprises a lower line (29) which is discontinuously disposed and an anodizable upper line (30) that covers the lower line (29) and is continuously disposed. Should a segment of a lower line (2, 29) be eroded during etching, the discontinuous disposition of other segments of the lower line (2, 29) precludes the other segments from being subject to erosion.

Abstract: A thin film semiconductor device and a liquid crystal display apparatus are provided wherein the thin film semiconductor device having light irradiated thereon is cut off by a conductor layer, and the ight can be prevented from reaching the semiconductor layer. As a result, the generation of carriers due to optical excitation does not occur and the off current can be reduced. Because there is no area where electric field intensity in an opposed direction to the source electrode and the drain electrode is weaker than the electric field intensity of the channel region in the semiconductor layer, even after an operation for a prolonged duration under the irradiation of light, carriers generated by optical excitation are not accumulated in the semiconductor layer, and the probability of trapping for the carriers into a gate insulating film is quite low, and therefore variations in the characteristics of the thin film semiconductor device are negligibly small.

Abstract: An active matrix device has pixel electrodes (40), each of which is divided into a plurality of divisional pixel electrodes (41, 42). Each divisional pixel electrode (41, 42) has a corresponding switching element (31, 32). A junction bridges adjacent ones of the divisional pixel electrodes (41, 42), and at least one spare switching element (34) is disposed in proximity to the junction. The junction has a pair of metal pieces (44, 45) electrically connected to the respective pixel electrodes (41, 42), an output terminal (74) of the spare switching element (34), and a joint metal layer (46) on which both of the metal pieces (44, 45) and the output terminal (74) of the spare switching element (34) are superposed with an insulating film (54) placed therebetween.

Abstract: An active matrix substrate comprising picture element electrodes disposed in a matrix on a substrate, each of which is composed of divided electrodes, and an electrically conductive film on which two of said divided electrodes adjacent to each other are superposed in a manner to sandwich an insulating film therebetween so as to form a connection. The connection is irradiated with laser beams from the outside of the display apparatus when one of the divided electrodes brings about a picture element defect, so that both the divided electrodes can be electrically connected to each other, thereby attaining a correction of the picture element defect. A display apparatus using the active matrix substrate is also provided.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump of the distribution type provided with a load timer is disclosed. This load timer includes a relief hole formed axially in a governor shaft, a first communication passage extending through a peripheral wall of the governor shaft surrounding the relief hole, and a second communication passage extending through a peripheral wall of a governor sleeve. As a load of an engine increases, the governor sleeve is retracted, and the area of communication between the first and second communication passages is decreased, so that the pressure within a pump chamber is increased. As a result, a fuel injection timing determined by a main timer is advanced.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump of the distribution type includes a load timer, and the load timer has a relief hole formed axially in a governor shaft, a first communication passage extending through a peripheral wall of the governor shaft surrounding the relief hole, and a second communication passage extending through a peripheral wall of a governor sleeve. One of the first and second communication passages has first and second control holes spaced axially from each other. The stroke of movement of the governor sleeve has a first movement region where the area of communication between the first control hole and the other communication passage decreases as the governor sleeve is retracted and a second movement region where the area of communication between the second control hole and the other communication passage increases as the governor sleeve is retracted.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an active matrix display apparatus comprising: forming picture element electrodes disposed in a matrix at the inner surface of either one of a pair of substrates, switching elements electrically connected to the picture element electrodes respectively, spare switching elements disposed close to the picture element electrodes in a non-conductive state respectively, and connections, each including an extension end of each of the spare switching elements and a metal piece electrically connected to one end of each of the picture element electrodes, the extension end and metal piece being disposed opposite to each other in a non-conductive state; applying a drive signal to a display medium via the picture element electrodes and opposite electrodes thereby detecting a defect in the switching element; and irradiating energy onto the connection between the picture element electrode connected to the switching element, the defect of which has been detected, and the spare switching element, th

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is described which contains picture element electrodes arranged on an insulating substrate and thin film transistors for switching the voltage to be applied to the picture element electrodes. The device is characterized in that additional capacity electrodes are formed from the same material as electrodes of the thin film transistors, between the insulating substrate and the picture element electrodes.

Abstract: An active matrix display apparatus comprising a pair of substrates, at least one of which is translucent, a display medium charged between the substrates and modulated of its optical characteristics in response to applied voltage, picture element electrodes disposed in a matrix at the inner surface of either one of the pair of substrates, switching elements electrically connected to the picture element electrodes respectively, and spare switching elements disposed close to the picture element electrodes in a non-conductive state respectively, the extension end of the spare switching element and one end of the picture element electrode are disposed on a metal piece so as to sandwich an insulating layer therebetween, whereby a picture element defect caused by a malfunction of switching elements can be readily corrected.

Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display device includes a substrate on which a matrix picture element electrodes reside, TFTs which are disposed in the vicinity of each picture element electrodes, and capacitor electrodes are provided, each of which is opposed to one portion of each of the picture element electrodes. A dielectric lamination structure consisting of three insulating layers is formed between the picture element electrode and the capacitor electrode. The dielectric lamination structure includes an anodic oxidation film, a gate insulating layer and a protective insulating layer. The protective insulating layer further extending over the associated TFT.

Abstract: A thin film semiconductor device and a liquid crystal display apparatus is provided wherein the thin film semiconductor device having light irradiated thereon is cut off by a conductor layer, and the light can be prevented from reaching the semiconductor layer. As a result, the generation of carriers due to optical excitation does not occur and the off current of the device can be reduced. Because there is no area where the electric field intensity in an opposed direction to the source electrode and the drain electrode is weaker than the electric field intensity of the channel region in the semiconductor layer, even after operating the device for a prolonged duration under the irradiation of light, carriers generated by optical excitation are not accumulated in the semiconductor layer, and the probability of trapping the carriers into a gate insulating film is quite low, and therefore variations in the characteristics of the thin film semiconductor device are negligibly small.

Abstract: A matrix display apparatus with a layered structure in which driving wires are layered on repair wires to sandwhich an insulating film therebetween, whereby it is possible to carry out complete driving of the display apparatus so that the location of picture element defects can be identified.

Abstract: The production of a thin film transistor array device having a gate wiring on an insulated substrate. The gate wiring has an inner gate wiring having a first metal layer formed on the insulated substrate and a second metal layer whose etching speed is faster than that of the first metal layer, the first metal layer and the second metal layer being overlapped so as to constitute a dual structure, and an outer gate wiring covering the inner gate wiring.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element for matrix display, employing, as address elements, thin film transistors each having a layered arrangement of a gate electrode, an insulating film, a semiconductor film, a source electrode, a drain electrode and a display picture element electrode formed in that order on an insulating substrate. The liquid crystal display element is characterized by a thin metallic film for smoothing path lines for the source electrodes, formed of the same material as that forming the gate electrodes in a plane including the gate electrodes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a plurality of thin film transistors formed on a transparent insulating substrate. Each of the thin film transistors is composed of a gate electrode formed on the transparent insulating substrate, and a semiconductor film formed on the gate electrode by the mediation of a gate insulation film. A protective insulating film is then formed on the semiconductor film. A metal thin film and a transparent conductive film, in this respective order, are then laminated on the protective insulating film to provide a source electrode and a drain electrode.

Abstract: A thin film transistor array in which a plurality of thin film transistors arranged in the shape of an array on a substrate each transistor includes a gate electrode, a first insulating layer, a semiconducting layer, a second insulating layer, a source electrode and a drain electrode stacked sequentially one on another such that the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer are interposed at an overlap portion between a gate bus bar for connecting the gate electrodes in common and a source bus bar for connecting the source electrodes in common.

Abstract: A liquid crystal color display device has a substrate made of electrically non-conductive material, and a plurality of spot electrodes aligned in rows. The spot electrodes in each row are aligned with a predetermined pitch so as to provide a first predetermined space between two adajcent spot electrodes. The rows extend in a first direction parallel to each other with a second predetermined space between two adjacent rows. The spot electrodes in one row and the spot electrodes in the next row are off set by half pitch. A plurality of scan electrodes are each extending in the second predetermined space. Also, a plurality of signal electrodes are provided each defined by a first portion extending in the first predetermined space and a second portion extending in the second predetermined space with the first and second portions occurring alternately. Furthermore, a plurality of thin film transistors are provided each defined in association with the second portion.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises a sandwich structure of support plates with a layer of liquid crystal filled therebetween. One support plate has an array of thin film transistors and thin film capacitors both formed thereon, while the other support plate has a counter electrode formed thereon. One of a pair of electrodes of each thin film capacitor on the one support plate is offset from the counter electrode at any area other than area where they form an effective capacitance element, the other the area where they form an effective capacitance element, the other capacitor electrodes serving as display electrodes.