Abstract: A compound represented by a formula (1C-A) below. One of R4 to R8 and R10 to R12 is a group represented by a formula (1D-A) above; R1 to R3, R9, and R4 to R8 and R10 to R12 not being the group represented by the formula (1D-A) are each a hydrogen atom, a substituent, or the like; at least one of R21 to R30 is other than a hydrogen atom; when R11 is a group represented by a formula (1D), R12 is a hydrogen atom or a phenyl group; when R12 is a group represented by the formula (1D), R11 is a hydrogen atom or a phenyl group; in the formula (1D), one of R21 to R30 represents a bonding position to a benz[a]anthracene ring in the formula (1C), and R21 to R30 not being the bonding position are each a hydrogen atom, a substituent, or the like.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence device includes an anode, a cathode, and an emitting region disposed between the anode and the cathode, in which the emitting region includes a first emitting layer and a second emitting layer, the first emitting layer contains a first compound represented by a formula below, and the second emitting layer contains a second compound. At least one of R101 to R112 in the formula (100A), L101 or Ar101 in the formula (100B) has at least one deuterium atom. When only L101 has at least one deuterium atom, the at least one deuterium atom is bonded to a ring that is of rings forming L1 and directly bonded to a benz[a]anthracene ring in the formula (100A).

Abstract: A compound is represented by a formula (1A-A). One of R4 to R8 and R10 to R12 is a group represented by a formula (1B-A1), (1B-A2), or (1B-A3) above; R1 to R3, R9, and R4 to R8 and R10 to R12 other than the above are each a hydrogen atom, a substituent, or the like; when R11 or R12 is a group represented by the formula (1B-A1), (1B-A2), or (1B-A3), R12 or R11 is a hydrogen atom or a phenyl group; and in the formulae (1B-A1) to (1B-A3), R51 to R57, R61 to R64, R71 to R74, and R81 to R84 forming no ring in the formulae (1B-A1) to (1B-A3) are each a hydrogen atom, a substituent, or the like; and * represents a bonding position to a benz[a]anthracene ring in the formula (1A-A).

Abstract: A beer beverage comprising 4-vinyl phenol (4VP) and 4-vinyl guaiacol (4VG) in the 4VG:4VP weight ratio of from 2.5-10, the overall weight proportion of 4VG and 4VP in the beverage being from 0.1 ppm to 0.6 ppm. The compounds provide desirable beer flavor characteristics to both beers and non-alcoholic beer beverages deficient in these characteristics.

Abstract: An amplification type solid state imaging device of the present invention includes a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix each of which includes: a photodiode for photoelectric conversion; a signal amplification MOS transistor which functions as an amplifier for amplifying a change in the potential of the photodiode; a pixel selection MOS transistor; and a reset MOS transistor for resetting the potential of the photodiode to a predetermined initial potential, gate terminals of the selection MOS transistors of the pixels along each row being commonly connected together with a predetermined signal read pulse being applied to the gate terminals, gate terminals of the reset MOS transistors of the pixels along each row being commonly connected together with a predetermined reset pulse being applied to the gate terminals, and terminals on one end of the selection MOS transistors of the pixels along each column being commonly connected together to form a signal line, wherein a shutter reset operation is performe

Abstract: In the active type solid-state imaging device of the present invention, the image sensor portion and the driving circuit portion which drives the image sensor portion or conducts signal processing are formed in separate semiconductor regions in the identical semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: The amplification type solid-state imaging device of this invention includes amplification type photoelectric converting elements arranged in a matrix.

Abstract: An amplifying type solid-state imaging device having a transistor formed on a semiconductor base and a charge release portion which stores a signal charge which is generated by light incident on the transistor and outputs a change of an electrical signal in accordance with the stored charge. The transistor includes: a first gate region including a portion for storing the signal charge therein and a first gate electrode formed on the semiconductor base surface; and a source and a drain formed of impurity layers of a higher concentration than the semiconductor base concentration. The charge release portion includes: a second gate region including a portion in the vicinity of the semiconductor base surface, and a second gate electrode formed via an insulating film on the semiconductor base surface; and a drain for charge discharge formed of an impurity layer of a higher concentration than the semiconductor base concentration.

Abstract: An amplifying type solid-state imaging apparatus includes an amplifying type photoelectric conversion device. The device including a transistor for accumulating a charge generated by incident light as a signal charge in a charge accumulation region proximate to the surface of the semiconductor substrate and for outputting a signal in accordance with the accumulated signal charge, and a resetting section provided adjacent to the transistor for performing a resetting operation. The signal charge accumulated in the transistor is discharged from the charge accumulation region based on an applied voltage.

Abstract: The amplification type solid-state imaging device of this invention includes amplification type photoelectric converting elements arranged in a matrix.

Abstract: An amplifying type photoelectric converting device is disclosed. The device includes: a semiconductor substrate of a first conductive type; a well portion of a second conductive type for accumulating signal charges generated by photoelectric conversion; a semiconductor region of the first conductive type provided in a region in the well portion; a first gate region including a first electrode; and a second gate region being adjacent to the first gate region and including a second electrode. An active element is formed between the semiconductor region and the semiconductor substrate, and a change in an operational characteristic of the active element which is generated by the signal charges is used as an output signal.

Abstract: A quantum wire structure includes a first layer having a thickness sufficiently smaller than a de Broglie wavelength of an electron wave in a medium, a second layer and a third layer which are disposed on and under the first layer and respectively have a forbidden band width larger than that of the first layer, wherein the first layer has a region with a relatively small curvature and a region with a relatively large curvature in its cross-section, and a width of the region with a relatively small curvature is 50 nm or less.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser of the present invention includes: a semiconductor substrate, a multi-layered structure formed on the semiconductor substrate and a current and light confining section formed on the multi-layered structure, wherein the current and light confining section includes at least two multi-layered current and light confining portions each having a laser beam transmission layer and a laser beam absorption layer formed on the laser beam transmission layer, and at least one stripe groove which spatially separates the at least two current and light confining portions; wherein an equivalent refractive index in the multi-layered current and light confining portions with respect to a laser beam in a fundamental transverse mode is made smaller than that within the stripe groove; wherein the multi-layered structure includes an active layer, and the active layer has a region positioned below the stripe groove of the current and light confining section and regions positioned below a respective one of the m

Abstract: A semiconductor laser device with window regions according to the present invention is provided, in which a double hetero structure including cladding layers and an active layer sandwiched by the cladding layers is formed on a semiconductor substrate, the double hetero structure is buried in burying layers with a bandgap larger than that of the active layer, and the burying layers form window regions situated at both end facets of the double hetero structure, wherein the window regions have a waveguide structure including a plurality of semiconductor layers with different bandgaps.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a multiple layer structure including a substantially flat active layer, and a first semiconductor layer and a second semiconductor layer adjacent to each other, the semiconductor layers having a corrugation at an interface therebetween; and a generating device which is connected to the multiple layer structure. An electromagnetic field intensity distribution is generated by use of the generating device in a waveguide region including the active layer, and the active layer includes a gain distribution having a distribution pattern corresponding to the corrugation. The multiple layer structure is produced by forming the corrugation on an upper surface of the first semiconductor layer, and forming the rest of the multiple layer structure including the second semiconductor layer and the active layer by using a vapor phase growth method once so as to make the active layer substantially flat. Then, the generating device is formed to be in contact with the multiple layer structure.

Abstract: A distributed feedback semiconductor laser device comprising a current blocking structure having a stripe groove, and a diffraction grating formed in the bottom of the stripe groove. The current blocking structure is formed over an active layer for laser oscillation, and it includes an etch stop layer against a groove etching in a lower potion of the current blocking structure. The refractive index distribution in transverse directions inside the stripe groove is controlled by the thickness of the optical guiding layer, enabling oscillation of the fundamental transverse mode.

Abstract: In a first crystal growth step, a first cladding layer, an active layer, and an optical wave-guide layer are sequentially grown on a semiconductor substrate. A diffraction grating is formed at a surface of the optical waveguide layer. In a second crystal growth step, a current block layer is grown on the optical waveguide layer having the diffraction grating. The current block layer is selectively etched to expose the diffraction grating and thus to form a stripe groove. In a third crystal growth step, a second cladding layer is grown on the diffraction grating inside the stripe groove and on the current block layer.

Abstract: A quantum wire laser comprises a first multi-layer structure which is formed on a substrate and includes at least one first quantum well layer sandwiched by barrier layers, a second multi-layer structure which is formed on a laminated cross-section of the first multi-layer structure and is obtained by successively laminating a first barrier layer having a band gap larger than that of the first quantum well layer, a second quantum well layer having a band gap nearly equal to that of the first quantum well layer, and a second barrier layer having a band gap larger than those of the first and second quantum well layers, wherein a region for confining electrons is disposed in at least one of regions in the vicinity of the first quantum well layer and the second quantum well layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser device having a mesa stripe whose side faces are facets of {111} planes is disclosed. In the laser device, a current blocking layer is formed on a semiconductor substrate whose main surface is a (100) plane, and a channel which is oriented along the <011> direction is formed in the current blocking layer. The mesa stripe is formed on the substrate within the channel by a selective growth technique. The mesa stripe has a multilayer structure including an active layer and is covered by a burying layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser device with a resonator containing an active region for laser oscillating operation is disclosed which comprises a third-order diffraction grating with a periodic corrugation for producing feedback of laser light, the corrugation being of substantially rectangular shape, wherein the ratio of the width of each convex portion of the corrugation to the periodicity of the corrugation is in the range of 0.20 to 0.25, 0.40 to 0.60, or 0.70 to 0.95.