Abstract: The present technique relates to a semiconductor device and an electronic appliance in which the reliability of the fine transistor can be maintained while the signal output characteristic is improved in a device formed by stacking semiconductor substrates.

Abstract: An X-ray CT apparatus according to an embodiment includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is configured to obtain initial temperature information of a photon counting detector before a main scan, information about the shape of a subject, and a scan condition of the main scan. The processing circuitry is configured to estimate a temperature change of the photon counting detector to be observed when the main scan is performed, on the basis of the initial temperature information, the information about the shape of the subject, and information about the scan condition of the main scan. The processing circuitry is configured to judge whether or not it is possible to perform the main scan, on the basis of the temperature change and the initial temperature information.

Abstract: An autonomous thinking pattern generator including a pattern converter configured to convert input information to patterns, the input information including image information, sound information or language, a pattern recorder configured to record the patterns, a pattern controller configured to set and change the patterns, and form connective relations between the patterns, and an information analyzer configured to evaluate values of the input information is provided. The pattern recorder is configured to record the patterns corresponding to the input information which is determined as worthy by the information analyzer autonomously.

Abstract: A motion analyzing device includes a myogenic potential measuring unit (20) and a myogenic potential measurement processor (101) to measure the muscle activity of a person who performs a motion and a motion measuring unit (30) and a position measurement processor (102) to measure the body motion. The motion analyzing device also includes an AA muscle co-activation ratio calculating unit (103), a muscle synergy calculating unit (104) and an equilibrium point calculating unit (105) to calculate an equilibrium point of the person and a muscle synergy that is a set of base vectors describing the equilibrium point based on a musculoskeletal model of the person and a constraint condition that the position of the endpoint of the limb matches the position of the equilibrium point in a static situation to keep a posture still under gravity compensation.

Abstract: An X-ray computed tomography apparatus according to an embodiment includes an X-ray detector and a processing circuitry. The X-ray detector includes a plurality of detection elements arranged in a plurality of rows at least in a channel direction. The processing circuitry acquires an estimated count number of X-rays incident on the X-ray detector for each of the plurality of detection elements and determines a bit number for transmission for detection data indicating a count number of each of the plurality of detection elements based on the estimated count number.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a substance with a modified carbon allotrope surface that can suppress or prevent uneven distribution, uneven orientation, and the like of a structural analysis target substance in a structural analysis by cryo-electron microscopy. A method for producing a substance with a modified carbon allotrope surface of the present invention includes: the step of surface-treating by reacting a carbon allotrope surface with a halogen oxide radical, wherein the carbon allotrope surface is modified by the surface-treating.

Abstract: An X-ray detector according to embodiments is an X-ray detector of a direct conversion type in which a plurality of X-ray detection elements are arranged in a column direction and a channel direction and voltage is applied between anodes and cathodes. The X-ray detector includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry performs control so as not to use, for generation of image data, data from the X-ray detection elements in end portions in one of the column direction and the channel direction of the X-ray detection elements, and so as to use, for generation of image data, data from the X-ray detection elements in other than the end portions.

Abstract: An X-ray detector according to an embodiment is an X-ray detector configured by arranging a plurality of detector modules, and includes a first detector module, a second detector module, a voltage application circuit, a first transmission circuit, and a first reception circuit. The second detector module is adjacent to the first detector module among the detector modules. The voltage application circuit is disposed in each of the detector modules, and applies a voltage to a plurality of detection elements included in each of the detector modules. The first transmission circuit is disposed in the first detector module, and transmits a signal based on the voltage from the voltage application circuit of the first detector module. The first reception circuit is disposed in the second detector module, and receives a signal transmitted from the first transmission circuit.

Abstract: An X-ray CT apparatus according to an embodiment includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is configured to obtain initial temperature information of a photon counting detector before a main scan, information about the shape of a subject, and a scan condition of the main scan. The processing circuitry is configured to estimate a temperature change of the photon counting detector to be observed when the main scan is performed, on the basis of the initial temperature information, the information about the shape of the subject, and information about the scan condition of the main scan. The processing circuitry is configured to judge whether or not it is possible to perform the main scan, on the basis of the temperature change and the initial temperature information.

Abstract: An X-ray CT apparatus according to one embodiment includes a photon counting detector and a processing circuitry. The photon counting detector includes a plurality of detecting elements configured to detect X-rays. The processing circuitry is configured to set a control parameter corresponding to a position of each detecting element of the plurality of detecting elements in the photon counting detector.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a sensitivity correction method includes acquiring count rates for respective pixels in a photon counting detector; preparing incident dose adjustment materials for the respective pixels based on the count rates for the respective pixels; and providing the incident dose adjustment materials in a surface of the photon counting detector.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an X-ray computed tomography apparatus includes an X-ray tube and an X-ray detector. The X-ray tube generates X-rays. The X-ray detector includes a first detection area detecting the X-rays and a second detection area detecting the X-rays. The first detection area includes a first scintillator having a first fluorescence decay time, the second detection area includes a second scintillator having a second fluorescence decay time shorter than the first fluorescence decay time. The second detection area is arranged at both ends of the first detection area with respect to a channel direction.

Abstract: An artificial intelligence apparatus includes an input processor configured to convert input information to patterns, an analyzer configured to analyze the input information, a recorder configured to record the information, a controller configured to perform at least one of a development of a process according to a type of a sentences and an intention, a search for information and a logic development to solve a problem, an execution of a process and activating a program, a generalization of information and a procedure, an update to a better knowledge and a logic, a search and an arrangement of information about an interesting field and an item, recording and updating of information, connective relations and relationship, and a transition control between information to a goal and an output processor configured to convert the patterns to information or control signals.

Abstract: A method and apparatuses are provided to identify and correct partial volume errors (PVEs) in material decomposition of a spectral computed tomography (CT) scan, due to different X-ray trajectories incident on a same macro-pixel passing through different material components (e.g., bone and water). Macro-pixels are virtual crystals generated by aggregating the signals/counts from several smaller actual pixels (i.e., micro-pixels) of a detector array. Thus, when a PVE is identified within a macro-pixel, the separate signals/counts from the micro-pixels can be used for material decomposition, instead of the aggregated signals/counts of the macro-pixel, thereby providing improved spatial resolution of the material components and, at least partial, overcoming the PVE. A measure of the difference between spectrally-resolved counts based a material projection lengths (e.g., from a calibrated lookup table) and the measured counts of the macro-pixel can be used to identify PVEs, e.g.

Abstract: An X-ray CT apparatus according to an embodiment includes a photon counting detector and processing circuitry. The photon counting detector includes a plurality of detection areas arranged in a channel direction and a column direction and is configured to output detection signals corresponding to the quantity of photons incident thereto, the detection areas each including a plurality of detecting elements. The processing circuitry is configured to calculate a heat generation amount for each of the detection areas on the basis of the detection signal corresponding to the incident photons detected in the detection area, to determine a control amount on the basis of the heat generation amount calculated for each of the detection areas, and to control temperature in each of the detection areas by using the determined control amount.

Abstract: A method and apparatuses are provided to identify and correct partial volume errors (PVEs) in material decomposition of a spectral computed tomography (CT) scan, due to different X-ray trajectories incident on a same macro-pixel passing through different material components (e.g., bone and water). Macro-pixels are virtual crystals generated by aggregating the signals/counts from several smaller actual pixels (i.e., micro-pixels) of a detector array. Thus, when a PVE is identified within a macro-pixel, the separate signals/counts from the micro-pixels can be used for material decomposition, instead of the aggregated signals/counts of the macro-pixel, thereby providing improved spatial resolution of the material components and, at least partial, overcoming the PVE. A measure of the difference between spectrally-resolved counts based a material projection lengths (e.g., from a calibrated lookup table) and the measured counts of the macro-pixel can be used to identify PVEs, e.g.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a sensitivity correction method includes acquiring count rates for respective pixels in a photon counting detector; preparing incident dose adjustment materials for the respective pixels based on the count rates for the respective pixels; and providing the incident dose adjustment materials in a surface of the photon counting detector.

Abstract: An X-ray CT apparatus according to an embodiment includes an X-ray tube, a photon counting detector, and a processing circuitry. The X-ray tube is configured to generate X-rays. The photon counting detector includes a plurality of detecting elements each configured to output a signal in response to any of the X-rays becoming incident thereto after having passed through an examined subject. The processing circuitry is configured to determine, within a reconstruction region, a first region on which a spectrum reconstructing process is to be performed and a second region on which an energy integral reconstructing process is to be performed, on the basis of output values related to energy spectra based on the signals output by the detecting elements. The processing circuitry is configured to generate an image on the basis of the determined first region and the determined second region.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an X-ray computed tomography imaging apparatus includes an X-ray tube, an X-ray detector, and control circuitry. The X-ray tube includes a cathode configured to generate thermoelectrons, an anode configured to generate X-rays upon receiving the thermoelectrons from the cathode, and a regulator configured to apply an electric field or a magnetic field to focus or bias the thermoelectrons from the cathode. The X-ray detector detects the X-rays generated by the anode. The control circuitry controls the regulator to switch at least one of the size and position of the focus of the thermoelectrons from the cathode on the anode between scan and warm-up.

Abstract: An X-ray detector according to an embodiment includes a scintillator array and a photodiode array. In the scintillator array, a plurality of scintillators are arranged in a first direction and a second direction intersecting the first direction. The photodiode array includes photodiodes each of which is installed for a different one of the scintillators and each of which has an active area configured to convert visible light emitted by the scintillator into an electrical signal. The photodiodes are arranged in such a manner that the widths of the active areas are equal to one another in the first direction.