Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention has the following construction. A transparent electrode is provided via color filter layer on a transparent substrate positioned at the upper side of the device. A metallic reflective electrode is provided on a substrate positioned at the lower side of the device. An alignment layer is provided on the transparent electrode and on the metallic reflective electrode respectively. The transparent substrate positioned at the upper side and the substrate positioned at the lower side are arranged parallel to each other with alignment films provided on the transparent electrode and on the metallic reflective electrode facing each other. A liquid crystal layer is provided between the alignment films. A scattering film is provided on a surface of the transparent substrate positioned at the upper side opposite to the surface where the transparent electrode is provided.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention has the following construction. A transparent electrode is provided via color filter layer on a transparent substrate positioned at the upper side of the device. A metallic reflective electrode is provided on a substrate positioned at the lower side of the device. An alignment layer is provided on the transparent electrode and on the metallic reflective electrode respectively. The transparent substrate positioned at the upper side and the substrate positioned at the lower side are arranged parallel to each other with alignment films provided on the transparent electrode and on the metallic reflective electrode facing each other. A liquid crystal layer is provided between the alignment films. A scattering film is provided on a surface of the transparent substrate positioned at the upper side opposite to the surface where the transparent electrode is provided.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention has the following construction. A transparent electrode is provided via color filter layer on a transparent substrate positioned at the upper side of the device. A metallic reflective electrode is provided on a substrate positioned at the lower side of the device. An alignment layer is provided on the transparent electrode and on the metallic reflective electrode respectively. The transparent substrate positioned at the upper side and the substrate positioned at the lower side are arranged parallel to each other with alignment films provided on the transparent electrode and on the metallic reflective electrode facing each other. A liquid crystal layer is provided between the alignment films. A scattering film is provided on a surface of the transparent substrate positioned at the upper side opposite to the surface where the transparent electrode is provided.

Abstract: A reflector electrode is provided with hills and valleys thereon, and the reflector electrode is formed on an inside face of a transparent substrate having a transparent electrode and an opposite substrate. Light-scattering-liquid-crystal is provided with forward-scattering component and back-scattering component, so that scattering of reflected light from the reflector electrode is increased when the light-scattering-liquid-crystal is transparent. As a result, contrast is less dependent on a viewing angle, and a brighter quality display with higher color purity can be obtained.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: in which R1 is hydrogen, optionally substituted lower alkylcarbamoyl(lower)alkylidene, lower alkylidene, lower alkyl, optionally substituted ar(lower)alkyl, cyclo(lower)alkyl(lower)alkyl, protected carboxy(lower)alkyl, carboxy(lower)alkyl, hydroxy(lower)alkyl, optionally substituted lower alkylcarbamoyl(lower)alkyl, lower alkylthio(lower)alkyl, carboxy(lower)alkanoyl, protected carboxy(lower)alkanoyl, aroyl, lower alkanoyl, or optionally substituted arylcarbamoyl(lower)alkyl, R2 is hydrogen, carboxy, protected carboxy, formyl or N-(lower)alkyl-N-(lower)alkoxycarbamoyl, R3 is hydrogen or amidino-protective group, A is lower alkylene or carbonyl, X is Y is lower alkylene, —S— or —SO2—, Z is —S— or —O—, and the line: is a single bond or a double bond, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which is useful as a medicament.

Abstract: This invention relates to new polypeptide compounds represented by general formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as defined in the description or a salt thereof which has antimicrobial activities (especially, antifungal activities), inhibitory activity on &bgr;-1,3-glucan synthase, to process for preparation thereof, to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, and to a method for prophylactic and/or therapeutic treatment of infectious diseases including Pneumocystis carinii infection (e.g. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia) in a human being or an animal.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, optionally substituted ar(lower)alkyl, cyclo(lower)alkyl(lower)alkyl, protected carboxy)lower)alkyl, carboxy)lower)alkyl, hydroxy(lower)alkyl, optionally substituted lower alkylcarbamoyl(lower)alkyl, lower alkylthio(lower)alkyl, carboxy(lower)alkanoyl, protected carboxy(lower)alkanoyl, aroyl, lower alkanoyl, or optionally substituted arylcarbamoyl(lower)alkyl,R.sup.2 is hydrogen, carboxy, protected carboxy, formyl or N-(lower)alkyl-N-(lower)alkoxycarbamoyl,R.sup.3 is hydrogen or amidino-protective group,A is lower alkylene or carbonyl,X is ##STR2## Y is --S-- or --SO.sub.2 --, Z is --S-- or --O--,or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereofwhich is useful as a medicament.

Abstract: A color liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal cell and a polymer film. The liquid crystal cell comprises a liquid crystal layer positioned between a pair of transparent substrates, on whose innersides transparent electrodes are provided. The polymer film is positioned at one side of the liquid crystal cell. The liquid crystal layer and the polymer film are sandwiched by a pair of polarization films. A twist angle of the liquid crystal layer is set to be a predetermined value. The product of birefringence of the nematic liquid crystal, .DELTA.n.sub.LC, and a thickness of liquid crystal layer, d.sub.LC, .DELTA.n.sub.LC .multidot.d.sub.LC is set to be a predetermined value. The birefringence difference .DELTA.(R)=R.sub.Film -.DELTA.n.sub.LC .multidot.d.sub.LC, which is defined by using the .DELTA.n.sub.LC .multidot.d.sub.LC and retardation of the polymer film, R.sub.Film, is set to be a value between 0.0 .mu.m and 0.1 .mu.m.

Abstract: A reflection type liquid crystal display apparatus has a liquid cell having an upper substrate having an electrode pattern formed with transparent electrodes, a lower substrate opposed to the upper substrate and having an electrode pattern formed with metallic reflecting electrodes, an orientation film formed on each of the two electrode patterns, and containing liquid crystal put between the upper and lower substrates, and an electronic part connected to the liquid crystal cell and used to drive the liquid crystal cell, wherein each of the metallic reflecting electrodes is a two-layer film composed of Ti and Al alloy and formed on the lower substrate.

Abstract: A color liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal cell and a polymer film. The liquid crystal cell comprises a liquid crystal layer positioned between a pair of transparent substrates, on whose innersides transparent electrodes are provided. The polymer film is positioned at one side of the liquid crystal cell. The liquid crystal layer and the polymer film are sandwiched by a pair of polarization films. A twist angle of the liquid crystal layer is set to be a predetermined value. The product of birefringence of the nematic liquid crystal, .DELTA.n.sub.LC, and a thickness of liquid crystal layer, d.sub.LC, .DELTA.n.sub.LC .multidot.d.sub.LC is set to be a predetermined value. The birefringence difference .DELTA.(R)=R.sub.Film -.DELTA.n.sub.LC .multidot.d.sub.LC, which is defined by using the .DELTA.n.sub.LC .multidot.d.sub.LC and retardation of the polymer film, R.sub.Film, is set to be a value between 0.0 .mu.m and 0.1 .mu.m.

Abstract: A process for preparing a pharmaceutical composition which comprises admixing a compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: Guanidine derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Y is C--R.sup.1(in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, etc.,)R.sup.2 is pyrrolyl, tetrazolyl, pyrazolyl, etc.,R.sup.3 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, etc.,Z is C--R.sup.4(in which R.sup.4 is hydrogen, carboxy, protected carboxy, nitro, halogen, hydroxy(lower)alkyl, etc.,), andW is R.sup.12(in which R.sup.12 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, nitro, hydroxy or protected hydroxy)and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which are useful as a medicament which are useful in inhibiting Na.sup.+ /H.sup.+ exchange in cells and in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, renal diseases, arteriosclerosis and shock.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes: a pair of substrates held at a distance; a pair of electrodes formed on opposing inner faces of the substrates, respectively; alignment films formed on the opposing faces to cover the pair of electrodes, respectively, the alignment films having capability to align a liquid crystal in a horizontal orientation and capability to align the liquid crystal in a random orientation at a predetermined temperature or more; and a chiral nematic liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of alignment film, the chiral nematic liquid crystal layer having a plurality of microscopic domains, each of the microscopic domains having the liquid crystal molecules aligned uniformly in the vicinity of the alignment films, the liquid crystal molecules in different microscopic regions being arranged in different directions with respect to one another.