Abstract: A solar cell includes a photoelectric conversion layer, a first electrode on one surface of the photoelectric conversion layer, a second electrode provided on other surface of the photoelectric conversion layer, and a third electrode on the other surface of the photoelectric conversion layer. The third electrode is substantially rectangular with its corners rounded off in the in-plane direction of the photoelectric conversion layer, and overlaps the second electrode at the periphery thereof.

Abstract: When forming an electrode by printing several times, the cross section area of the electrode is increased and the resistance is reduced while more electrode material is required, which leads to a cost up and waste of resources. There is provided a solar cell manufacturing method for forming an electrode of a predetermined pattern by repeating printing on a substrate surface by a predetermined number of times. A mask pattern for printing the entire predetermined pattern is used at least once among the predetermined number of printings while mask patterns, each for printing a part of the predetermined pattern, are used in the other printings, thereby forming the electrode of the predetermined pattern.

Abstract: A solar battery module having a plurality of solar battery cells embedded in an in-plane direction in a front-surface sealing member by separating the solar battery cells at a distance therebetween, the solar battery cells being electrically connected to each other in a filling material sandwiched between the front-surface sealing member having translucency and a back-surface sealing member.

Abstract: The manufacturing method includes: forming a P-type silicon substrate and a high-concentration N-type diffusion layer, in which an N-type impurity is diffused in a first concentration, on an entire surface at a light-incident surface side; forming an etching resistance film on the high-concentration N-type diffusion layer and forming fine pores at a predetermined position within a recess forming regions on the etching resistance film; forming recesses by etching the silicon substrate around a forming position of the fine pores, so as not to leave the high-concentration N-type diffusion layer within the recess forming region; forming the low-concentration N-type diffusion layer, in which an N-type impurity is diffused in a second concentration that is lower than the first concentration, on a surface on which the recesses are formed; and forming a grid electrode in an electrode forming region at a light-incident surface side of the silicon substrate.

Abstract: Forming an impurity diffusion layer of the second conductivity type and an antireflective film on one surface side of a semiconductor substrate of the first conductivity type; applying the first electrode material onto the antireflective film; forming a passivation film on the other surface side of the semiconductor substrate; forming openings in the passivation film to reach the other surface side; applying a second electrode material containing impurity elements of the first conductive type to fill the openings and not to be in contact with the second electrode material of adjacent openings; applying a third electrode material onto the passivation film to be in contact with the entire second electrode material; forming at a time, by heating the semiconductor substrate at a predetermined temperature after applying the first electrode material and the third electrode material, the first electrodes, a high-concentration region, and the second electrodes and third electrode.

Abstract: A solar cell comprises a substrate that includes a photoelectric conversion function, a first electrode provided on one surface of the substrate, a second electrode provided on other surface of the substrate, and a third electrode provided on the other surface of the substrate with its periphery overlapping the second electrode in the in-plane direction of the substrate for extracting an electric power from the second electrode. The thickness of the second electrode is larger than that of the third electrode, and the difference between the thickness of the second electrode and that of the third electrode is within a range from equal to or more than 10 micrometers to equal to or less than 30 micrometers. Thereby, in the solar cell, an electrode separation (alloy separation) can be effectively prevented.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a photoelectric conversion substrate, a first electrode on one surface of the substrate, a second electrode on the other surface of the substrate, and a third electrode on the other surface of the substrate. The third electrode extracts electric power from the second electrode, and overlaps the second electrode at the periphery in the in-plane direction of the photoelectric conversion substrate. The thickness of the second electrode is larger than that of the third electrode, and the difference between the thickness of the second electrode and that of the third electrode is not less than 10 micrometers and not more than 30 micrometers.

Abstract: The manufacturing method includes: forming a P-type silicon substrate and a high-concentration N-type diffusion layer, in which an N-type impurity is diffused in a first concentration, on an entire surface at a light-incident surface side; forming an etching resistance film on the high-concentration N-type diffusion layer and forming fine pores at a predetermined position within a recess forming regions on the etching resistance film; forming recesses by etching the silicon substrate around a forming position of the fine pores, so as not to leave the high-concentration N-type diffusion layer within the recess forming region; forming the low-concentration N-type diffusion layer, in which an N-type impurity is diffused in a second concentration that is lower than the first concentration, on a surface on which the recesses are formed; and forming a grid electrode in an electrode forming region at a light-incident surface side of the silicon substrate.

Abstract: This invention is to safely and surely distribute authentication information to users or user terminals. This method includes: requesting authentication using predetermined authentication information for an access destination via a network; receiving a notification indicating an authentication failure from the access destination; acquiring currently valid authentication information from an authentication information manager by transmitting data to indicate own legitimacy, and storing the acquired currently valid authentication information into a storage device; and requesting the authentication using the acquired currently valid authentication information for the access destination via the network. Thus, by supposing that a failure in the authentication occurs, and by causing the user side to present the data to indicate own legitimacy for the authentication information manager, the currently valid authentication information is distributed, for example, after the encryption.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a solar cell with improved mechanical strength without increasing resistance between the electrodes. The solar cell (10) according to the present invention includes a silicon substrate (3), an aluminum electrode (1) that is a first electrode that collects electricity from the rear surface of the silicon substrate (3), and a silver electrode (2) that is a second electrode that takes out output from the aluminum electrode (1). The aluminum electrode (1) has an opening (1a) formed on rear surface of the silicon substrate (3) and a notch (1b) recesses in parallel to the direction in which principal stress acts from the opening (1a) in a plane of the silicon substrate (3), and the silver electrode (2) is formed to cover at least the opening (1a) and the notch (1b) of the aluminum electrode (1).

Abstract: A solar cell includes a photoelectric conversion layer, a first electrode on one surface of the photoelectric conversion layer, a second electrode provided on other surface of the photoelectric conversion layer, and a third electrode on the other surface of the photoelectric conversion layer. The third electrode is substantially rectangular with its corners rounded off in the in-plane direction of the photoelectric conversion layer, and overlaps the second electrode at the periphery thereof.

Abstract: A solar cell has a non-light-receiving side and a light-receiving side that faces a backside of an optically-transparent cover plate. A heatsink has a backside that faces the non-light-receiving side of the solar cell. The heatsink is formed of a graphite-containing material having a concave and convex texture as a radiating fin.

Abstract: Provided is a photovoltaic (PV) module by which electric power generation efficiency can be improved by improving light use rate. An encapsulant (202) is permitted to be a first layer (A cover glass (201) and the encapsulant (202) are considered optically equivalent, since their refractive indexes are substantially the same), a light trapping film (300) to be a second layer, an anti-reflective layer (104) to be a third layer, and an n-type layer (103) to be a fourth layer. When the reflective indexes of the layers are expressed as first reflective index (n1), second reflective index (n2), third reflective index (n3) and fourth reflective index (n4), relationship n1?n2?n3?n4 is satisfied. The light trapping film (300) of the second layer, i.e., one layer among the light transmitting layers, has a structured shape on an incident side (300a) where incident light (205) enters.

Abstract: When forming an electrode by printing several times, the cross section area of the electrode is increased and the resistance is reduced while more electrode material is required, which leads to a cost up and waste of resources. There is provided a solar cell manufacturing method for forming an electrode of a predetermined pattern by repeating printing on a substrate surface by a predetermined number of times. A mask pattern for printing the entire predetermined pattern is used at least once among the predetermined number of printings while mask patterns, each for printing a part of the predetermined pattern, are used in the other printings, thereby forming the electrode of the predetermined pattern.

Abstract: A method of producing silicon blocks by cutting a silicon ingot is provided. The method uses a silicon ingot cutting slurry containing abrasive grains and an alkaline substance so as to provide the silicon blocks that can be produced into silicon wafers each having a thin thickness with reduced substrate damage at the time of producing a solar battery. The alkaline substance has a content mass that is at least 3.5% with respect to the mass of the entire liquid components of said slurry, and the slurry contains an organic amine having a mass ratio of 0.5 to 5.0 with respect to water in the liquid components of the slurry. The slurry is used at a pH of 12 or more and at a temperature of from 65 to 95 degrees C.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for forming antireflection films comprising a step that simultaneously accomplishes sintering of a coating film containing an antireflection film precursor formed on the surface of a glass body, and tempering of the glass body. It is thereby possible to form antireflection films at satisfactorily low cost.

Abstract: Included are a semiconductor layer that is formed on a light receiving surface of a semiconductor substrate and is of a type opposite to that of said semiconductor substrate, an electrode of a semiconductor layer that is of the same type as that of the semiconductor layer of said light receiving surface and is formed on a rear surface opposite to said light receiving surface, an electrode that is of the same type as that of said semiconductor substrate and is electrically insulated from said electrode of the semiconductor layer of the same type as that of the semiconductor layer of said light receiving surface formed on said rear surface, and a semiconductor layer that is of the same type as that of the semiconductor layer of said light receiving surface and electrically connects between the semiconductor layer of said light receiving surface and said electrode of the semiconductor layer of the same type as that of the semiconductor layer of said light receiving surface formed on said rear surface.

Abstract: In a method of producing silicon blocks by cutting a silicon ingot by the use of a silicon ingot cutting slurry containing abrasive grains and an alkaline substance so as to provide the silicon blocks that can be produced into silicon wafers each having a thin thickness with reduced substrate damage at the time of producing a solar battery, the content of said alkaline substance is at least 3.5 mass % with respect to the mass of the entire liquid components of said slurry, and said slurry contains an organic amine of from 0.5 to 5.0 by a mass ratio with respect to water in the liquid components of said slurry. Said slurry is used at a pH of 12 or more and at a temperature of from 65 to 95 degrees C.

Abstract: A chassis braking system for braking a chassis includes a braking unit including a braking surface biased toward a road surface on which the chassis runs and having a first state where movement of the braking surface toward the road surface is locked and a second state where the braking surface abuts against the road surface. A control unit releases the lock of the braking unit and shifts the braking unit from the first state to the second state when predetermined conditions are met.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a photoelectric conversion layer, a first electrode on one surface of the photoelectric conversion layer, a second electrode on other surface of the photoelectric conversion layer, and a third electrode on the other surface of the photoelectric conversion layer. The third electrode is substantially rectangular with its corners rounded off in the in-plane direction of the photoelectric conversion layer, and overlaps the second electrode at the periphery thereof.