Abstract: A laminate comprising a plastic substrate (A); a hardened organic polymer layer (B) provided on a surface of the plastic substrate (A) and having a storage elastic modulus of from 0.01 to 5 GPa and tan ? of from 0.1 to 2.0 at 25° C. which are measured at a temperature elevating rate of 2° C./min by a dynamic viscoelasticity test stipulated in JIS K 7244; an organic/inorganic composite layer (C) provided on a surface of the hardened organic polymer layer (B) and containing covalently bound organic polymer and metal oxide nanoparticles; and an inorganic layer (D) provided on a surface of the organic/inorganic composite layer (C) and comprising secondary particles of ceramic or metal.

Abstract: A layered structure having high adhesive properties, and high hardness or excellent transparency, is prepared on a base material such as a resin. A layered structure including: an organic-inorganic hybrid member containing a primary inorganic particle and an organic polymer covalently bound to each other, wherein the primary inorganic particle forms a network containing the polymer; and a particle aggregate layer containing a secondary particle which is deposited on the organic-inorganic hybrid member and is composed of an inorganic material or a metallic material; wherein in the organic-inorganic hybrid member, the primary inorganic particle and the secondary particle have different crystal particle sizes.

Abstract: A laminate comprising a plastic substrate (A); a hardened organic polymer layer (B) provided on a surface of the plastic substrate (A) and having a storage elastic modulus of from 0.01 to 5 GPa and tan ? of from 0.1 to 2.0 at 25° C. which are measured at a temperature elevating rate of 2° C./min by a dynamic viscoelasticity test stipulated in JIS K 7244; an organic/inorganic composite layer (C) provided on a surface of the hardened organic polymer layer (B) and containing covalently bound organic polymer and metal oxide nanoparticles; and an inorganic layer (D) provided on a surface of the organic/inorganic composite layer (C) and comprising secondary particles of ceramic or metal.

Abstract: A layered structure having high adhesive properties, and high hardness or excellent transparency, is prepared on a base material such as a resin. A layered structure including: an organic-inorganic hybrid member containing a primary inorganic particle and an organic polymer covalently bound to each other, wherein the primary inorganic particle forms a network containing the polymer; and a particle aggregate layer containing a secondary particle which is deposited on the organic-inorganic hybrid member and is composed of an inorganic material or a metallic material; wherein in the organic-inorganic hybrid member, the primary inorganic particle and the secondary particle have different crystal particle sizes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photosensitive paste comprising a polymerizable monomer and a photopolymerization initiator, wherein the glass transition temperature of the polymerizable monomer is ?10° C. or less. The present paste may be used for creating a fine pattern and prevents residue from remaining in the area where paste should be removed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photosensitive paste comprising a polymerizable monomer and a photopolymerization initiator, wherein the glass transition temperature of the polymerizable monomer is ?10° C. or less. The present paste may be used for creating a fine pattern and prevents residue from remaining in the area where paste should be removed.

Abstract: This invention is directed to black conductive compositions, black electrodes made from such compositions and methods of forming such electrodes. In particular, the invention is directed to a single layer bus electrode.

Abstract: A glass slide is accurately held in position with a simple structure. A stage apparatus 1 is provided which includes mounting surfaces 3 on which a glass slide 2 is mounted, abutments 5a and 5b that butt against two adjacent side surfaces 2c and 2d, respectively, of the glass slide 2 mounted on the mounting surfaces 3, and a pressing mechanism 4 for pressing two side surfaces 2a and 2b opposite the two respective side surfaces 2c and 2d that butt against the abutments 5a and 5b in respective directions toward the abutments 5a and 5b. The pressing mechanism 4 includes a plurality of pressing members 11 and 12 for pressing the two side surfaces 2a and 2b, respectively, of the glass slide 2 at different timings.

Abstract: This invention is directed to black conductive compositions, black electrodes made from such compositions and methods of forming such electrodes. In particular, the invention is directed to a single layer bus electrode.

Abstract: This invention is directed to black conductive compositions, black electrodes made from such compositions and methods of forming such electrodes. In particular, the invention is directed to a single layer bus electrode.

Abstract: This invention is directed to black conductive compositions, black electrodes made from such compositions and methods of forming such electrodes.

Abstract: This invention is directed to black conductive compositions, black electrodes made from such compositions and methods of forming such electrodes. In particular, the invention is directed to a single layer bus electrode.

Abstract: This invention is directed to black conductive compositions, black electrodes made from such compositions and methods of forming such electrodes.

Abstract: A method for treating a gas containing a SO3 component, which comprises adding a sodium carbonate powder having a mean particle diameter of at most 20 &mgr;m to the gas to remove the SO3 component from the gas.

Abstract: A method for removing an acidic deposit containing a sulfur compound, which comprises contacting the acidic deposit with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal carbonate and/or an alkali metal hydrogencarbonate to remove it.

Abstract: An acid component-removing agent which comprises sodium hydrogencarbonate having a volume-based mean particle diameter of from 1 to 9 &mgr;m as measured by a laser diffraction and scattering method.

Abstract: A method for treating a gas containing a SO3 component, which comprises adding a sodium carbonate powder having a mean particle diameter of at most 20 &mgr;m to the gas to remove the SO3 component from the gas.

Abstract: A method for removing an acidic deposit containing a sulfur compound, which comprises contacting the acidic deposit with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal carbonate and/or an alkali metal hydrogencarbonate to remove it.

Abstract: The automatic focusing apparatus of this invention focuses the measuring beam emitted from a light source on a sample through one side of the pupil of an objective lens, causes light reflected by the sample to pass through the pupil of the objective lens again, focuses the light passing through the pupil of the objective lens on a light-receiving unit, and detects the spot position of the focused light. Especially, this automatic focusing apparatus has a first light-shielding member for shielding light reflected by the lower surface of a transparent thin plate in the vicinity of the focal point of the light reflected by the lower surface of the transparent thin plate, or a second light-shielding member for transmitting therethrough only light reflected by the upper surface of the transparent thin plate in the vicinity of the focal point of the light reflected by the upper surface of the transparent thin plate.

Abstract: Disclosed is an industrial endoscope system having a rotary treatment member, attached to a hard top part at a distal end of an insertion unit, for effecting a treatment such as grinding by rotating this treatment member itself. The system includes a moving means for making a distal end of the treatment member movable in the axial directions of the insertion unit. This easily leads the treatment member to a target position via a lead-in port of an engine; or the treatment member can be set in a position suitable for the treatment.