Abstract: A photodiode includes semiconductor layers and a gate insulating layer provided on a buried insulating layer formed on a substrate and has a diffraction grating portion in which a plurality of groove portions are formed in a two-dimensional lattice shape, on the gate insulating layer. Measurement light is guided by an optical system including a photoelastic modulator and is incident on the photodiode. The measurement light is emitted from the light source device in a state of being linearly polarized light having a predetermined wavelength and is converted at a predetermined frequency by the optical system such that states in which the measurement light becomes linearly polarized light beams of two orthogonal directions are repeated. In addition, electric signals from the photodiode in the state in which the measurement light becomes the linearly polarized light beams of the two orthogonal directions are lock-in detected.

Abstract: A photodiode includes semiconductor layers and a gate insulating layer provided on a buried insulating layer formed on a substrate and has a diffraction grating portion in which a plurality of groove portions are formed in a two-dimensional lattice shape, on the gate insulating layer. Measurement light is guided by an optical system including a photoelastic modulator and is incident on the photodiode. The measurement light is emitted from the light source device in a state of being linearly polarized light having a predetermined wavelength and is converted at a predetermined frequency by the optical system such that states in which the measurement light becomes linearly polarized light beams of two orthogonal directions are repeated. In addition, electric signals from the photodiode in the state in which the measurement light becomes the linearly polarized light beams of the two orthogonal directions are lock-in detected.

Abstract: There is provided an eccentricity amount estimation device, including: a rotation body provided with plural detected portions disposed along the rotation direction at predetermined rotation angle intervals, each of the plural detected portions being formed such that from an outer peripheral end towards an inner peripheral end a width of the detected portion at a position at the peripheral inside is the same as or greater than the width at a position at the peripheral outside; a generating section that generates a pulse signal according to passing of each of the plural detected portions accompanying rotation of the rotation body; and an estimation section that estimates a physical quantity corresponding to an eccentricity amount of the rotation body, based on a high level side pulse width and a low level side pulse width within one period of the pulse signal generated by the generating section.

Abstract: A speed calculation device is provided. The generation component generates a plurality of pulse signals with different phases in accordance with rotation of a rotating body. The detection component detects rises and falls of respective pulses of the plurality of pulse signals generated by the generation component. The duration calculation component, each time a rise or fall is detected by the detection component, calculates a total duration of a pre-specified number of durations representing detection intervals of rises or falls detected by the detection component prior to the current rise or fall detected by the detection component. The speed calculation component calculates a speed relating to rotation of the rotating body on the basis of the total duration and a rotation angle of the rotating body that corresponds to one pulse of the pulse signals.

Abstract: A velocity calculation device disclosed includes a computation section that, using as a reference period at each of plural predetermined points in time a individual period detected most recently by a detection section for one or another of plural generating sections, computes for each of the reference periods an average value of the reference period and one or more individual periods for other generating sections of the plural generating sections, detected separately prior to detecting the respective reference period for pulse signals nearest to the reference period; and a calculation section that calculates a velocity related to rotation of the rotation body based on the plural average values computed by the computation section, the number of individual generating sections, and a predetermined rotation angle.

Abstract: The present invention provides a speed detection device comprising: a detected body that includes a plurality of marks arranged along a first direction with intervals therebetween; a detection section that detects intervals of times of appearance of the marks when the detected body relatively moves in the first direction; and a calculation section that calculates a speed of relative movement of the detection section and the detected body on the basis of results of measuring displacements from a reference plane in a second direction, which is orthogonal to the first direction, of locations of the detected body along the first direction and the detected intervals of times of appearance of the marks.

Abstract: A speed calculation device is provided. The generation component generates a plurality of pulse signals with different phases in accordance with rotation of a rotating body. The detection component detects rises and falls of respective pulses of the plurality of pulse signals generated by the generation component. The duration calculation component, each time a rise or fall is detected by the detection component, calculates a total duration of a pre-specified number of durations representing detection intervals of rises or falls detected prior to the rise or fall currently detected by the detection component. The speed calculation component calculates a speed relating to rotation of the rotating body on the basis of the total duration and a rotation angle of the rotating body that corresponds to one pulse of the pulse signals.

Abstract: A correction information creation device including: a recording head; a rotating body; a first detector that detects a period of a pulse signal generated in accordance with rotation of the rotating body; a first calculation section that calculates a period of a clock signal; a second detector that detects a space between corrective images that are formed synchronously with a period of the clock signal, while the rotating body is being rotated at a predetermined rotation speed, by two sets of image formation elements of the recording head; a second calculation section that calculates a distance between a measurement position of a peripheral surface of the rotating body and the axial center of the rotating body; and a memory that stores the calculated distance to serve as information for correcting the period of the clock signal.

Abstract: A droplet ejection apparatus includes: a droplet ejection head that ejects droplets; a conveying member that retains a recording medium and conveys the recording medium with facing the recording medium to the droplet ejection head; a coating member that coats the conveying member with a coating liquid having a repellant property to the liquid ejected from the droplet ejection head; and a cleaning member that cleans the conveying member. The droplet ejection apparatus satisfies the following formulae L3?L1, L2?L1??(1) wherein, in a direction orthogonal to the conveying direction; L1 is the width of ink droplet ejecting of the droplet ejection head; L2 is the width of coating the coating liquid on the conveying member by the coating member; and L3 is the width of the cleaning of the conveying member by the cleaning member.

Abstract: A pattern forming process and a pattern forming apparatus comprising forming a liquid receptive particle layer on an intermediate transfer body in a specified area by using liquid receptive particles capable of receiving a recording liquid containing a recording material; applying a liquid droplet of the recording liquid on a specified position of liquid receptive particle layer according to specified data, trapping the recording material near the surface of the liquid receptive particle layer on the intermediate transfer body, and forming a pattern of the recording material near the surface of the liquid receptive particle layer; and removing the liquid receptive particle layer provided with the recording liquid from the intermediate transfer body so that the pattern may be positioned between the transfer object and the liquid receptive particle layer, and transferring the liquid receptive particle layer to the transfer object.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image forming apparatus including: a rotating body that holds recording medias on a circumferential surface; an image forming section that forms an image; a generating section that generates a pulse and a reference pulse; a measuring section that measures the number of pulses; a computing section that each time when predetermined number of pulses from generation of the reference pulse has been measured, divides a pulse width of a pulse before predetermined number of pulses by a first value to compute a pulse division time; and a controlling section that each time when predetermined number of pulses are measured from generation of the reference pulse, multiplies the pulse division time by a second predetermined value, thereby obtaining a forming start time, and that controls to start image formation when the forming start time has elapsed from the measurement of predetermined number of pulses.

Abstract: There is provided a velocity calculation device, including: a computation section that, using as a reference period at each of plural predetermined points in time a individual period detected most recently by a detection section for one or other of plural generating sections, computes for each of the reference periods an average value of the reference period and one or more individual periods for other generating sections of the plural generating sections, detected separately prior to detecting the respective reference period for pulse signals nearest to the reference period; and an calculation section that calculates a velocity related to rotation of the rotation body based on the plural average values computed by the computation section, the number of individual generating sections, and a predetermined rotation angle.

Abstract: A roller mechanism includes a pair of rollers and an urging unit. The pair of rollers oppose one another sandwiching a conveyance path of a sheet material, and are provided to be capable of increasing and reducing an axis-to-axis separation thereof. The urging unit urges at least one of the pair of rollers in a direction of reducing the axis-to-axis separation of the pair of rollers with an urging force that increases with an increase in the axis-to-axis separation of the pair of rollers, and presses the sheet material with the pair of rollers. The urging unit increases the urging force non-linearly, with a rate of increase of the urging force falling as the axis-to-axis separation of the pair of rollers increases within a range of changes at times of sheet material-pressing.

Abstract: There is provided an eccentricity amount estimation device, including: a rotation body provided with plural detected portions disposed along the rotation direction at predetermined rotation angle intervals, each of the plural detected portions being formed such that from an outer peripheral end towards an inner peripheral end a width of the detected portion at a position at the peripheral inside is the same as or greater than the width at a position at the peripheral outside; a generating section that generates a pulse signal according to passing of each of the plural detected portions accompanying rotation of the rotation body; and an estimation section that estimates a physical quantity corresponding to an eccentricity amount of the rotation body, based on a high level side pulse width and a low level side pulse width within one period of the pulse signal generated by the generating section.

Abstract: The present invention provides a speed detection device comprising: a detected body that includes a plurality of marks arranged along a first direction with intervals therebetween; a detection section that detects intervals of times of appearance of the marks when the detected body relatively moves in the first direction; and a calculation section that calculates a speed of relative movement of the detection section and the detected body on the basis of results of measuring displacements from a reference plane in a second direction, which is orthogonal to the first direction, of locations of the detected body along the first direction and the detected intervals of times of appearance of the marks.

Abstract: A liquid droplet ejection apparatus comprising a liquid droplet ejection head that ejects liquid droplets, a conveyor belt that retains and conveys a recording medium while causing the recording medium to face the liquid droplet ejection head, and a charge roll that causes the recording medium to be electrostatically attracted to the conveyor belt. The charge roll and the conveyor belt are configured not to contact each other, and a gap between the charge roll and the conveyor belt is less than the thickness of the recording medium.

Abstract: A droplet ejection apparatus includes: a droplet ejection head that ejects droplets; a conveying member that retains a recording medium and conveys the recording medium with facing the recording medium to the droplet ejection head; a coating member that coats the conveying member with a lubricant; and a cleaning member that cleans the conveying member. The droplet ejection apparatus satisfies the following formulae (1) L2?L1??(1) wherein, in the formulae (1): L1 is the width, in the direction orthogonal to the conveying direction, of the cleaning of the conveying member by the cleaning member; and L2 is the width, in the direction orthogonal to the conveying direction, of coating the lubricant on the conveying member by the coating member.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image forming apparatus including: a rotating body that holds recording medias on a circumferential surface; an image forming section that forms an image; a generating section that generates a pulse and a reference pulse; a measuring section that measures the number of pulses; a computing section that each time when predetermined number of pulses from generation of the reference pulse has been measured, divides a pulse width of a pulse before predetermined number of pulses by a first value to compute a pulse division time; and a controlling section that each time when predetermined number of pulses are measured from generation of the reference pulse, multiplies the pulse division time by a second predetermined value, thereby obtaining a forming start time, and that controls to start image formation when the forming start time has elapsed from the measurement of predetermined number of pulses.

Abstract: A speed calculation device is provided. The generation component generates a plurality of pulse signals with different phases in accordance with rotation of a rotating body. The detection component detects rises and falls of respective pulses of the plurality of pulse signals generated by the generation component. The duration calculation component, each time a rise or fall is detected by the detection component, calculates a total duration of a pre-specified number of durations representing detection intervals of rises or falls detected by the detection component prior to the current rise or fall detected by the detection component. The speed calculation component calculates a speed relating to rotation of the rotating body on the basis of the total duration and a rotation angle of the rotating body that corresponds to one pulse of the pulse signals.

Abstract: A speed calculation device is provided. The generation component generates a plurality of pulse signals with different phases in accordance with rotation of a rotating body. The detection component detects rises and falls of respective pulses of the plurality of pulse signals generated by the generation component. The duration calculation component, each time a rise or fall is detected by the detection component, calculates a total duration of a pre-specified number of durations representing detection intervals of rises or falls detected prior to the rise or fall currently detected by the detection component. The speed calculation component calculates a speed relating to rotation of the rotating body on the basis of the total duration and a rotation angle of the rotating body that corresponds to one pulse of the pulse signals.