Abstract: A heat exchanger A1 includes a partition 19 partitioning the space 35 surrounded by a coiled tube 60 at an axially intermediate portion of a housing 2 into a first and a second regions 35a and 35b and partitioning the coiled tube 60 into a first and a second heat exchanging portions HT1 and HT2. The combustion gas supplied to the first region 35a flows to a combustion gas path 36 by passing through a clearance 61 of the first heat exchanging portion HT1 and then passes through a clearance 61 of the second heat exchanging portion HT2. With this structure, the amount of heat recovery is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is enhanced while simplifying the overall structure of the heat exchanger A1 and reducing the size of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A cermet insert having a structure composed of a hard phase and a binding phase and, as a sintered body composition, containing Ti, Nb and/or Ta, and W in a total amount of Ti in terms of carbonitride, Nb and/or Ta in terms of carbide and W in terms of carbide of 70 to 95 wt. % of an entirety of the microstructure, and containing W in terms of carbide in an amount of 15 to 35 wt. % of the entirety of the microstructure, the sintered body composition further containing Co and/or Ni. The hard phase has one or two or more of the phases: (1) a first hard phase of a core-having structure whose core portion contains a titanium carbonitride phase and a peripheral portion containing a (Ti, W, Ta/Nb)CN phase, (2) a second hard phase of a core-having structure whose core portion and peripheral portion both contain a (Ti, W, Ta/Nb)CN phase, and (3) a third hard phase of single-phase structure including a titanium cabonitride phase.

Abstract: A heat exchanger A1 includes a coiled tube 60 including a plurality of loops 60a, and a space 35 surrounded by the coiled tube 60 and having an end closed by a partition 19. The heat exchanger is so designed that combustion gas flows from the space 35 to a combustion gas path 36 by passing through clearances 61 of the loops 60a of the coiled tube 60. The loops 60a are made of a tube having a thickness t1 and a width L1 which is larger than the thickness, so that the amount of heat recovery when the combustion gas passes through the clearances 61 is large. Therefore, the heat exchange efficiency is enhanced while simplifying the overall structure of the heat exchanger A1 and reducing the size of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A spout assembly for a packaging bag for improving the prevention of oxidation to an inner content and discharging such content at a desired amount. The spout assembly mounted to the bag body includes a spool to move along the axial direction of the spout assembly and an urging member having an outer peripheral surface fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the spout assembly and adapted to urge the spool toward the bag body side. A check valve allows the inner content to flow only from the bag body side toward the mouth portion side. The urging member has a seat surface for the spool and the urging member presses the spool against the seat surface to shut off the flow of the inner content, and when an inner pressure of the bag body or a suction force of the mouth reaches a predetermined value, the spool separates from the seat surface.

Abstract: A heat exchanger A1 includes a coiled tube 60 including a plurality of loops 60a, and a space 35 surrounded by the coiled tube 60 and having an end closed by a partition 19. The heat exchanger is so designed that combustion gas flows from the space 35 to a combustion gas path 36 by passing through clearances 61 of the loops 60a of the coiled tube 60. The loops 60a are made of a tube having a thickness t1 and a width L1 which is larger than the thickness, so that the amount of heat recovery when the combustion gas passes through the clearances 61 is large. Therefore, the heat exchange efficiency is enhanced while simplifying the overall structure of the heat exchanger A1 and reducing the size of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A heat exchanger A1 includes a partition 19 partitioning the space 35 surrounded by a coiled tube 60 at an axially intermediate portion of a housing 2 into a first and a second regions 35a and 35b and partitioning the coiled tube 60 into a first and a second heat exchanging portions HT1 and HT2. The combustion gas supplied to the first region 35a flows to a combustion gas path 36 by passing through a clearance 61 of the first heat exchanging portion HT1 and then passes through a clearance 61 of the second heat exchanging portion HT2. With this structure, the amount of heat recovery is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is enhanced while simplifying the overall structure of the heat exchanger A1 and reducing the size of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A coupling piece coupling a cap body and a band is prevented from being cut off to tampering and the cutting-off thereof due to deformation of the band. An open/close cap a cap body to be screwed to an outer peripheral surface of a mouth portion of a pouring spout and a band extending in the circumferential direction of the cap body and engaged with the pouring spout, the band being formed with at least one portion at which the band 10 circumferentially separated, the end of the band being connected by a connection piece at that portion at which the band is cut off. The band is disposed below the lower surface of the cap body and coupling pieces are attached to the lower portion of the cap body. A band shape maintaining member is disposed to the lower end of the cap body.

Abstract: A sealing mechanism for container opening comprising: a cylindrical opening disposed on a container body; and a cap for sealing the cylindrical opening, wherein the cap comprises: a cap body having a cylindrical shape for covering a side surface of the cylindrical opening, and provided with a thread portion disposed on an inner surface of the cylindrical shape for engaging with a thread portion disposed on an outer surface of the cylindrical opening, and capable of moving up and down while rotating around the side surface of the cylindrical opening; and an upper lid for covering an opened upper end of the cylindrical opening and sealing the cylindrical opening, wherein the cap body and the upper lid are independent of each other so that the cap body can be rotated without rotating the upper lid, and when the cap body rotates around the side surface of the cylindrical opening to move toward the upper end of the cylindrical opening, the cap body slidably abuts on the upper lid, and pushes up the upper lid to op

Abstract: A laminated ceramic electronic component using a ceramic sintered body mainly comprising CaZrO3, which can be fired in a neutral or reducing atmosphere at a low temperature and in which inner electrodes are formed using cheap base metals. The inner electrodes Ni are disposed so as to be stacked via a ceramic layer in the ceramic sintered body having a principal component of CaZrO3 and containing a MnO2 phase and a glass phase, and forming outer electrodes on the outer surfaces of the ceramic sintered body.

Abstract: A stator for miniature motors having a permanent magnet fixedly fitted to the inner circumferential surface of a housing formed into a bottomed hollow cylindrical shape, in which the circumferential surface of the housing consists of two opposing flat parts and two concave cylindrical surfaces; engaging projections are provided on the flat parts, and flat surfaces coming in contact with said flat parts, and engaging surfaces facing coming in contact with the engaging projections are provided on the axial edge of the permanent magnet made of a flexible ferromagnetic material, and formed into an arc-segment shape in cross section; and the permanent magnet is fixedly fitted in the housing by bringing the arc-segment-shaped outer circumferential surfaces of the permanent magnet in contact with the cylindrical surfaces of the housing, and bringing the flat surfaces on the axial edges of the permanent magnet in contact with the flat parts by causing the engaging projections to cut into the engaging surfaces by the

Abstract: Pitch-based carbon fibers superior in compression characteristics are obtained by mixing a polycyclic aromatic compound and a hydrogen donating compound at a mole ratio of the latter to the former in the range of 0.1 to 10, polymerizing the resulting mixture at a temperature of 50.degree. to 400.degree. C. in the presence of a Lewis acid as catalyst, then removing the catalyst, thereafter heat-treating the resulting polymer to obtain a pitch containing 5-40% of anisotropic spheres of 5-60 .mu.m, having a total amount of aliphatic hydrogen of 25-50% and an amount of aliphatic hydrogen after .beta. of 5-25% and containing not more than 30% of oriented carbon based on a total amount of aromatic carbon, then spinning said pitch, then making the resulting pitch fiber infusible and subjecting the pitch fiber thus rendered infusible to a carbonization treatment.

Abstract: A pitch-based carbon fiber having a high strength is produced by (a) treating a heavy oil at a temperature of 370.degree. to 480.degree. C. and a pressure of 2 to 50 kg/cm.sup.2 ; (b) separating and removing insoluble solids from the heat-treated oil so that the insoluble solids content is not higher than 50 ppm; (c) subjecting the oil to thin film distillation at a temperature of 250.degree. to 450.degree. C., a pressure of not higher than 100 mm Hg and a film thickness of not larger than 5 mm; (d) heat-treating the resulting pitch at a temperature of 340.degree. to 450.degree. C. while passing an inert gas at atmospheric or reduced pressure to obtain an optically anisotropic pitch having a softening point of 260.degree. to 300.degree. C.

Abstract: Pitch for the production of carbon fibers which contains from 5 to 40% of the optically anisotropic region which is insoluble in organic solvents having a solubility parameter from 7.4 to 9.0 but is soluble in organic solvents having a solubility parameter from 9.2 to 11.0.

Abstract: Provided is a starting pitch for producing carbon fiber by heat-treating the starting pitch to obtain a precursor pitch, melt-spinning the precursor pitch, then rendering the resultant pitch fiber infusible, followed by carbonization, and further followed by graphitization if required, the starting pitch comprising a mixture of (a) 100 parts by weight of a pitch and (b) 5 to 500 parts by weight of a methanol-insoluble and benzene-soluble component contained in a heavy oil obtained in a fluid catalytic cracking of petroleum, the heavy oil having a boiling range not lower than 200.degree. C.

Abstract: A precursor pitch for the production of carton fibers is obtained by heat-treating a carbonaceous pitch in the form of a thin film having a thickness not larger than 5 mm at a temperature in the range of 250.degree. to 390.degree. C. and under a reduced pressure not higher than 100 mmHg. By melt-spinning this precursor pitch and subjecting the resultant pitch fiber to infusiblization and carbonization and, if required, to subsequent graphitization, there is obtained a high quality carbon fiber.

Abstract: A starting pitch for carbon fibers is obtained by mixing (1) 100 parts by volume of a heavy fraction oil boiling at not lower than 200.degree. C. and obtained at the time of fluidized catalytic cracking of petroleum with (2) 10 to 200 parts by volume of a fraction boiling in the range of 250.degree. to 550.degree. C. obtained by distilling under reduced pressure an oil produced at the time of heat treating a starting pitch and then heat treating the resulting mixture at a temperature of from 370.degree. C. to 480.degree. C. under a pressure of from 2 to 50 Kg/cm.sup.2.G thereby to obtain the starting pitch for carbon fibers. The thus obtained starting pitch is heat treated to obtain a precursor pitch which is melt spun, infusibilized, carbonized or graphitized to obtain the carbon fibers.

Abstract: A starting pitch for carbon fibers, obtained by (A) mixing together (1) a heavy fraction oil boiling at not lower than 200.degree. C. obtained at the time of fluidized catalytic cracking of petroleum, (2) a hydrogenated oil selected from aromatic hydrocarbons of 2-10 rings having their nuclei partly hydrogenated and specific fractions boiling at 160.degree.-650.degree. C. and containing such aromatic hydrocarbons and (3) a heavy fraction oil boiling at not lower than 200.degree. C. obtained at the time of steam cracking of petroleum, to form a mixture of the oils (1), (2) and (3), and then (B) heat treating the thus formed oil mixture at 370.degree.-480.degree. C. and 2-50 Kg/cm.sup.2.G thereby to obtain the starting pitch.

Abstract: A pitch which affords a carbon fiber having a high strength and a high elastic modulus is obtained by treating a pitch containing 5 to 35 weight percent of an optically anisotropic region with sulfur.

Abstract: A pitch which affords a carbon fiber having a high strength and a high elastic modulus is obtained by treating a pitch containing 5 to 35 wt. % of an optically anisotropic region with an oxidizing gas, followed by hydrogenation treatment if required.

Abstract: A process for the production of carbon fibers which comprises using a specific optically isotropic pitch having a reflectivity of 9.0-11.0% as the material for the carbon fibers.