Abstract: A corona discharging apparatus is adapted to vibrate a corona discharge wire and/or grid wires by the use of a vibrating element to remove foreign matters deposited on the corona discharging wire and/or grid wires.

Abstract: A corona discharging device having a corona discharging electrode to which a high voltage is applied to produce corona discharge. The high voltage applied to the corona discharging electrode is provided by superposing an AC voltage to a DC voltage. The DC voltage and the AC voltage are determined such that the corona discharging current has only the polarity which is the same as that of the DC component voltage. The corona discharge is stabilized and hardly produces a non-uniform discharge.

Abstract: A process for producing an azo pigment, which comprises coupling an aromatic diazonium compound with 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid and at least one bis-naphthylmethane, and optionally, making the resulting pigment.

Abstract: An image exposing apparatus comprises a focusing optical system for focusing an image onto a photosensitive member and having a one-line array of a plurality of focusing light transmission media, and light intensity distribution correction means arranged in a light path for forming the image for eliminating an ununiformity of light intensity on the photosensitive member due to the focusing optical system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for causing bubbles in a fluid to coalesce into a coherent mass by use of a vessel having a cylindrical space therein wherein the fluid is caused to flow into the vessel at such a velocity that a vortex is generated to flow from one end of the space to the other while establishing a state in which the pressure on the center axis of the cylinder rises from one end toward the other, then reaches a maximal value and thereafter drops, and this coalescing of the bubbles is effected at the field near the axis of the vortex and between a position close to the inflow position and the position of the highest pressure. The method greatly facilitates deaeration.

Abstract: The color of azo pigments derived from 2-hydroxynaphthalene-3-carboxylic acid or its salts are improved by the coupling reaction of a diazonium compound of an aromatic aminosulfonic acid with a coupling component which is a mixture of (1) 2-hydroxynaphthalene-3-carboxylic acid or its salt, (2) .beta.-naphthol or its salt, and (3) a phenolic by-product having a molecular weight of about 300 and containing about 1 equivalent of phenolic hydroxy groups. The phenolic by-product can be obtained by evaporating .beta.-naphthol from a tarry substance formed as a by-product during the reaction of an alkali .beta.-naphtholate with carbon dioxide, extracting the residue with an alkali and precipitating the soluble matter with an acid. The color or tone of the azo pigment is stabilized by the use of the coupling component.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electrophotography process for controlling the potential on a movable photosensitive member having a photoconductive layer to form a latent image on the photosensitive member. The moving speed of the photosensitive member is changed by setting a magnification changing mode, and, when the latent image is formed on the photosensitive member moving at the changed speed, a quantity of a first corona discharge applied to the photosensitive member is changed at a time prior to the latent image formation.

Abstract: A centrifugal separator for separating gas bubbles from a liquid incorporates a spiral liquid passage with inlet and outlet ends as defined by a top plate, a bottom plate and a strip spirally coiled between the plates and otherwise constructed so that by utilizing the low specific gravity of the bubbles and centrifugal force acting thereon, the bubbles are directed into a bubble trapping compartment for removal.

Abstract: An electrophotographic device constructed with a light irradiating device to irradiate light on a photosensitive member, a charging device to uniformly charge the photosensitive member after the light irradiation by the light irradiating device; a light image projecting device to project a light image after the charging by the charging device to thereby form an electrostatic latent image corresponding to the light image on the photosensitive member, a developing device to develop the electrostatic latent image, and a control device to vary the irradiated light quantity by the light irradiating device and the exposure light quantity by the light image projecting device in accordance with a potential state of the photosensitive member at the time of the latent image formation.

Abstract: The ratio of the length of the light path between an original to be copied and a lens to the length of the light path between the lens and a photosensitive medium is changed by the copying magnification changing operation. That is, for example, the lens is brought nearer to the photosensitive medium. After this magnification changing operation, a reference light is thrown upon the photosensitive medium through the lens. The potential of the area of the photosensitive medium illuminated by the reference light is detected, and the output of photosensitive medium charging means is controlled correspondingly to that potential.

Abstract: A gas-liquid separator wherein a helical passageway is defined between an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder in such a way that a working fluid with entrained bubbles may be forced to flow tangentially into the helical passage and swirl therethrough. The entrained bubbles are separated from the liquid through centrifugal force produced by the swirling or vortical flow through the helical passageway and trapped or collected inside the inner cylinder, from which they are discharged to the exterior.

Abstract: A process for preparing 2-hydroxynaphthalenecarboxylic acids which comprises reacting a liquid mixture of 1 mole of an alkali .beta.-naphtholate, 0.05 to 3 moles of .beta.-naphthol, and 0.1 to 5 times the weight of the alkali .beta.-naphtholate of light oil or kerosene with carbon dioxide under a carbon dioxide pressure of not more than 15 kg/cm.sup.2.G at a temperature of at least 180.degree. C.