Abstract: A document display system includes: a plurality of display units that display an image of an electronic document including a plurality of pages for each page unit; a plurality of detecting units that detect a display operation performed by a user to each of the plurality of display units; and a control unit that controls the display unit related to the detecting unit that detects the display operation to display a page image in order of the pages corresponding to the order of detecting the display operations.

Abstract: The present invention provides a display medium which prevents a decrease in reflectance during storage at high temperatures, and a writing apparatus using the display medium. A photoconductive layer 24, a selective light transmission layer 22, and a liquid crystal layer 20 are laminated between substrates 12 and 14, which have electrodes 16 and 18, respectively, to form a display medium 10. The selective light transmission layer 22 as a color layer is composed of a deionized material. The ion concentration of the selective light transmission layer 22 is controlled to be within a predetermined range.

Abstract: A photo-addressable display medium is provided, the photo-addressable display medium including: a pair of electrodes having transparency; a photoconductive layer disposed between the pair of electrodes and having a laminated structure of a first charge generation layer, a charge transport layer and a second charge generation layer in this order from an exposing light irradiation side; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between an electrode of the inverse side to the exposing light irradiation side and the second charge generation layer and having memory performance, wherein the first charge generation layer and the second charge generation layer contain a phthalocyanine compound, and the charge transport layer contains a stilbene compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein, R1 to R4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group.

Abstract: An optically writable display medium includes an optical switching element and a display element. The optical switching element includes a charge transport layer sandwiched between an upper charge generating layer and a lower charge generating layer. The display element includes a display layer having memory properties and is provided on the optical switching element. The absorption wavelength region of the upper charge generating layer and the absorption wavelength region of the lower charge generating layer are substantially different from each other.

Abstract: A photo-addressable display medium is provided, the photo-addressable display medium including: a pair of electrodes having transparency; a photoconductive layer disposed between the pair of electrodes and having a laminated structure of a first charge generation layer, a charge transport layer and a second charge generation layer in this order from an exposing light irradiation side; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between an electrode of the inverse side to the exposing light irradiation side and the second charge generation layer and having memory performance, wherein the first charge generation layer and the second charge generation layer contain a phthalocyanine compound, and the charge transport layer contains a stilbene compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein, R1 to R4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group.

Abstract: The invention provides a display medium including: a first electrode; a second electrode; a liquid crystal layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode; a photoconductive layer provided between the second electrode and the liquid crystal layer, the photoconductive layer absorbing light of a predetermined wavelength used for writing, and thereby exhibiting an electrical characteristic corresponding to the intensity distribution of the light used for writing; a first light absorption layer provided between the liquid crystal layer and the photoconductive layer, the first light absorption layer absorbing light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer; a second light absorption layer provided at the side of the second electrode not facing the photoconductive layer, the second light absorption layer allowing transmission of the light used for writing and having an absorbance of 1 or more with respect to light of any wavelength in a range of from 300 nm to 550 nm.

Abstract: An optical writing apparatus includes an irradiation unit which irradiates a writing light on an optical writing image display medium comprising a photoconductor layer and a display layer, a voltage applying unit which applies an image writing pulse voltage to the display layer and the photoconductor layer, and a control unit. The control unit controls the irradiation unit such that, at a first time interval at which the writing light is irradiated, the writing light is irradiated on the photoconductor layer, and controls the voltage applying unit such that a first pulse voltage is applied at an interval which is longer than the first time interval, and such that a second pulse voltage whose polarity is opposite to a polarity of the first pulse voltage and whose absolute value is larger than an absolute value of the first pulse voltage is applied after application of the first pulse voltage.

Abstract: A display medium initialization device includes: a case containing an irradiation unit that irradiates light to an optical-recording-type display medium configured to display an image according to irradiated light; a light-taking unit that takes outside light into the case from outside the case; and a light-guiding unit that guides the outside light taken by the light-taking unit to the irradiation unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cleaning blade for cleaning a surface of an object to be cleaned, comprising: a contact portion that contacts the surface of the object for cleaning, the contact portion being made of a material satisfying the following inequalities (1) to (3): 3.92?M?29.42??(1); 0<??0.294; and??(2) S?250??(3) wherein M denotes 100% modulus (MPa); ? denotes the ratio {?stress/?strain degree=(stress at 200% strain degree?stress at 100% strain degree)/(200?100)} (MPa/%) of the stress alteration (?stress) to the strain alteration (?strain) in a range of 100% to 200% strain degree in the stress-strain curve; and S denotes the breaking elongation (%), and a cleaning apparatus, a process cartridge, and an image forming apparatus comprising the cleaning blade.

Abstract: An optically writable display medium includes an optical switching element and a display element. The optical switching element includes a charge transport layer sandwiched between an upper charge generating layer and a lower charge generating layer. The display element includes a display layer having memory properties and is provided on the optical switching element. The absorption wavelength region of the upper charge generating layer and the absorption wavelength region of the lower charge generating layer are substantially different from each other.

Abstract: The present invention provides a display medium which prevents a decrease in reflectance during storage at high temperatures, and a writing apparatus using the display medium. A photoconductive layer 24, a selective light transmission layer 22, and a liquid crystal layer 20 are laminated between substrates 12 and 14, which have electrodes 16 and 18, respectively, to form a display medium 10. The selective light transmission layer 22 as a color layer is composed of a deionized material. The ion concentration of the selective light transmission layer 22 is controlled to be within a predetermined range.

Abstract: This invention relates to a cleaning unit including a cleaning blade that keeps a front end of rubber material in contact with the surface with a pressure so as to scrape residual toner left on the surface of the photoreceptor and a fiber body having multiple fibers in contact with the surface of the photoreceptor in the upstream in the cyclic moving direction of the surface of the photoreceptor with respect to the cleaning blade, the cleaning blade satisfying A??2.5×B+102 and 6.3?B?19.6, where A designates a contact angle (°) with pure water under 23° C., 55% RH and B designates 100% modulus (MPa) at 23° C.

Abstract: A document display system includes: a plurality of display units that display an image of an electronic document including a plurality of pages for each page unit; a plurality of detecting units that detect a display operation performed by a user to each of the plurality of display units; and a control unit that controls the display unit related to the detecting unit that detects the display operation to display a page image in order of the pages corresponding to the order of detecting the display operations.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor and an electrophotographic member, which have superior mold releasing and sliding properties and are able to maintain these properties over long periods of time, the photoreceptor comprising a first layer and a second layer, which includes a fluororesin layer, externally disposed on the first layer to form an outermost layer, the electrophotographic member comprising a first layer and a second layer, which includes a fluororesin layer, externally disposed on the first layer to form an outermost layer and filling voids in the first layer, and further provides a process cartridge equipped with said electrophotographic photoreceptor or said electrophotographic member, and an image forming apparatus.

Abstract: This invention relates to a cleaning unit comprising: a cleaning blade that keeps a front end of rubber material in contact with the surface with a pressure so as to scrape residual toner left on the surface of the photoreceptor and a fiber body having multiple fibers in contact with the surface of the photoreceptor in the upstream in the cyclic moving direction of the surface of the photoreceptor with respect to the cleaning blade, wherein the cleaning blade satisfies conditions A??2.5×B+102 and 6.3?B?19.6, where A designates a contact angle (°) with pure water under 23° C., 55% RH and B designates 100% modulus (MPa) at 23° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cleaning blade for cleaning a surface of an object to be cleaned, comprising: a contact portion that contacts the surface of the object for cleaning, the contact portion being made of a material satisfying the following inequalities (1) to (3): 3.92?M?29.42; ??(1) 0<??0.294; and ??(2) S?250 ??(3) wherein M denotes 100% modulus (MPa); ? denotes the ratio {?stress/?strain degree=(stress at 200% strain degree?stress at 100% strain degreey(200?100)} (MPa/%) of the stress alteration (?stress) to the strain alteration (?strain) in a range of 100%. to 200% strain degree in the stressstrasn cuwve; and S denotes the breaking elongation (%), and a cleaning apparatUs, a process cartridge, and an image forming apparatus comprising the cleaning blade.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor and an electrophotographic member, which have superior mold releasing and sliding properties and are able to maintain these properties over long periods of time, the photoreceptor comprising a first layer and a second layer, which includes a fluororesin layer, externally disposed on the first layer to form an outermost layer, the electrophotographic member comprising a first layer and a second layer, which includes a fluororesin layer, externally disposed on the first layer to form an outermost layer and filling voids in the first layer, and further provides a process cartridge equipped with said electrophotographic photoreceptor or said electrophotographic member, and an image forming apparatus.

Abstract: A one-component developer comprising an external additive, and toner particles containing a binder resin and a colorant, wherein the external additive contains a titanium compound obtained by the reaction of TiO(OH).sub.2 and a silane compound, and an image forming method using the one-component developer are disclosed. The one-component developer and the image forming method provide excellent flow and a narrow charge distribution, can reduce fluctuation of the charge property due to the environmental change, and can thus form a high-quality image without fogging and the damage to a latent image retainer by filming can be prevented.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mono-component developer comprising toner particles containing a binding resin, a colorant and an additive and a method of forming images by use thereof. In the present invention said additive is preferably a titanium compound prepared by through the reaction between TiO(OH).sub.2 and a silane compound or through the reaction between TiO(OH).sub.2 and a silicone oil. The specific gravity of the said titanium compound is in the range of 2.8 to 3.6. The average particle diameter thereof is in the range of 10 to 70 nm. The said toner particle is preferably a non-magnetic particle. By making use of the mono-component developer and the method for forming an image using it, charging of the toner, and carriage of the toner can be stabilized over a long period of time, and stable image formation can be obtained.

Abstract: A non-magnetic one-component developer comprising a binder resin, a colorant and a charge controlling agent, the binder resin being a polyester resin which has a number average molecular weight of from 2,500 to 3,500, a weight average molecular weight of from 8,000 to 15,000 and a softening point of from 110.degree. C. to 130.degree. C., and which is substantially free from an ingredient insoluble in tetrahydrofuran, and the charge controlling agent comprising a metal complex salt compound represented by the following formula (1): ##STR1## wherein M represents a metal element selected from the group consisting of zinc, iron, nickel and cobalt, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.