Abstract: An encoder having a function for detecting noise which may affect an internal signal of the encoder, without using a noise detecting circuit within the encoder, whereby the cost and size thereof may be reduced. The encoder has a detecting part adapted to detect the movement of an electric motor or a driven object; a signal processing circuit adapted to process a detection signal from the detecting part and obtain positional data of the motor or the object; and a transmitting part adapted to transmit the positional data from the signal processing circuit at regular time intervals and a fluctuation component calculated on the basis of the positional data, to external equipment. The signal processing circuit has a fluctuation component detecting circuit adapted to detect a fluctuation comment included in the calculated positional data, and the detected fluctuation component is transmitted to the external controller as an amount of noise.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a polishing pad that is resistant to scratching and also has excellent flattening performance. One aspect of the present invention is a polishing pad, comprising a fiber-entangled body formed from fiber bundles made up of ultrafine fibers in which the average cross sectional area is between 0.01 and 30 ?m2, and a macromolecular elastomer, wherein part of the macromolecular elastomer is present inside the fiber bundles, whereby the ultrafine fibers are bundled, the number of fiber bundles per unit of surface area present in a cross section in the thickness direction is at least 600 bundles per square millimeter, and the volumetric ratio of a portion excluding voids is between 55 and 95%.

Abstract: The invention provides a polishing pad to polish a metal layer. The polishing pad has a storage elastic modulus at 80° C. of 200 to 900 MPa and a storage elastic modulus at 110° C. of 40 MPa or less. The invention also provides a method of polishing a metal layer using the pad.

Abstract: The invention provides a cushion for a polishing pad, wherein, when a dynamic compression viscoelasticity measurement is performed under conditions of 23° C., a static load of 27.6 kPa, a frequency of 11 Hz and an amplitude of 1 ?m, (1) a phase difference between dynamic stress and deformation is 4° or less, and (2) a ratio of the maximum value of the deformation amount to the maximum value of the dynamic stress ([maximum value of deformation amount]/[maximum value of dynamic stress]) is 0.5 ?m/kPa or more. The invention also provides a polishing pad having a layer of the cushion for a polishing pad and a polishing layer.

Abstract: An encoder having a function for detecting noise which may affect an internal signal of the encoder, without using a noise detecting circuit within the encoder, whereby the cost and size thereof may be reduced. The encoder has a detecting part adapted to detect the movement of an electric motor or a driven object; a signal processing circuit adapted to process a detection signal from the detecting part and obtain positional data of the motor or the object; and a transmitting part adapted to transmit the positional data from the signal processing circuit at regular time intervals and a fluctuation component calculated on the basis of the positional data, to external equipment. The signal processing circuit has a fluctuation component detecting circuit adapted to detect a fluctuation comment included in the calculated positional data, and the detected fluctuation component is transmitted to the external controller as an amount of noise.

Abstract: A center voltage of an analog signal from a magnetic sensor is measured to match a reference voltage with the center voltage. Then, a combination of portions to be disconnected of adjustment patterns 1 and 2 of adjustment circuits 1 and 2 is determined so that the reference voltage is adjusted to the measured center voltage, and the portions are disconnected. The adjustment circuits 1 and 2 respectively include recovery patterns 1 and 2. If an adjustment pattern 1 and 2 is erroneously disconnected, the corresponding recovery pattern 1 and 2 is short-circuited by means of soldering or the like to short-circuit the adjustment pattern 1 and 2 once again.

Abstract: The invention provides a cushion for a polishing pad, wherein, when a dynamic compression viscoelasticity measurement is performed under conditions of 23° C., a static load of 27.6 kPa, a frequency of 11 Hz and an amplitude of 1 ?m, (1) a phase difference between dynamic stress and deformation is 4° or less, and (2) a ratio of the maximum value of the deformation amount to the maximum value of the dynamic stress ([maximum value of deformation amount]/[maximum value of dynamic stress]) is 0.5 ?m/kPa or more. The invention also provides a polishing pad having a layer of the cushion for a polishing pad and a polishing layer.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a polishing pad that is resistant to scratching and also has excellent flattening performance. One aspect of the present invention is a polishing pad, comprising a fiber-entangled body formed from fiber bundles made up of ultrafine fibers in which the average cross sectional area is between 0.01 and 30 ?m2, and a macromolecular elastomer, wherein part of the macromolecular elastomer is present inside the fiber bundles, whereby the ultrafine fibers are bundled, the number of fiber bundles per unit of surface area present in a cross section in the thickness direction is at least 600 bundles per square millimeter, and the volumetric ratio of a portion excluding voids is between 55 and 95%.

Abstract: The invention provides a polishing pad to polish a metal layer. The polishing pad has a storage elastic modulus at 80° C. of 200 to 900 MPa and a storage elastic modulus at 110° C. of 40 MPa or less. The invention also provides a method of polishing a metal layer using the pad.

Abstract: The subject is to provide a polymer material which enables to improve planarity and planarization efficiency of a polished surface and is useful as a polishing pad which generates only a few scratches. The said subject is solved by a polymer material having a tensile modulus at 50° C. after saturation swelling with 50° C. water of 130 to 800 MPa, a loss tangent at 50° C. of not more than 0.2, and a contact angle with water of not more than 80°.

Abstract: In an encoder which is equipped with two detectors arranged on both sides of a rotating shaft in order to eliminate an eccentricity error, the mounting of the detectors is facilitated by making provisions so as to not cause a problem in the calculating of an average even if the detectors happen to be so mounted that the difference between the angular values calculated from the outputs of the respective detectors becomes equal to 180°. In an initialization process after power on, the difference ?? between the angular values ?1 and ?2 calculated from the signals output from the respective detectors is stored as an initial value. Position data ? is output by taking an average between ?3 and ?2, where ?3 is a value obtained by correcting ?1 by the initial difference ??.

Abstract: A semi-aromatic polyamide resin is provided which has a high level of residence stability, hot-water resistance and chemical resistance and is also excellent in adhesive properties and compatibility with other resins and the like. The semi-aromatic polyamide resin comprises: dicarboxylic acid units in which 50 to 100 mol % of the dicarboxylic acid units are aromatic dicarboxylic acid units; and diamine units in which 60 to 100 mol % of the diamine units are aliphatic diamine units having 9 to 13 carbon atoms. Furthermore, at least 10% of terminal groups of molecular chains of the polyamide resin are blocked with a terminal-blocking agent, and the amount of terminal amino groups of the molecular chains is 60 ?eq/g or more and 120 ?eq/g or less. In addition, [NH2]/[COOH]?6 is satisfied, where [NH2] (?eq/g) represents the amount of the terminal amino groups and [COOH] (?eq/g) represents the amount of terminal carboxyl groups.

Abstract: When a communication abnormality occurs between an encoder and communication circuit apparatus in a work apparatus feeding back data output from encoders for control by a control apparatus, an encoder communication circuit is used in place of the encoder to identify the location of occurrence of the abnormality. The encoder communication circuit outputs encoder data comprised position or speed data and alarm data to said control apparatus when connected to the control apparatus through a communication cable.

Abstract: An encoder sampling a first phase (A) signal and second phase (B) signal with phases differing from each other by about 90 degrees at the same timing, converting them from an analog to digital format, and detecting an angle signal based on the obtained digital signals, provided with offset detection circuits using a second phase A/D converted value (BD) of when a first phase A/D converted value (AD) is near a first value (XA) to find a second phase (B) offset value (Bofs), using a first phase A/D converted value (AD)of when a second phase A/D converted value (BD) is near a second value (XB) to find a first phase (A) offset value (Aofs), and using the currently found first offset value (Aofs) for the first value (XA) and the currently found second offset value (Bofs) for the second value (XB)when calculating the next first offset value (Aofs) and second offset value (Bofs) and a subtraction circuits using a first offset value (Aofs) and second offset value (Bofs) to correct offsets of the first phase signal an

Abstract: An encoder that can detect the presence of noise occurring within the encoder. The encoder is constructed by incorporating within the same apparatus: a movement detecting unit for detecting the movement of a moving body; a signal processing circuit for processing a movement detection signal supplied from the movement detecting unit, and thereby producing an encoder signal representing the position and/or the amount of displacement of the moving body; and a noise detecting unit for detecting noise superimposed on the movement detection signal. According to this encoder, a noise voltage generated within the encoder via a stray capacitance is detected within the encoder and is output as noise data, so that the noise level can be detected without requiring the use of an external measuring device. Further, by outputting encoder data and noise data occurring at the same instant in time, the reliability of the encoder data can be judged based on the condition of the noise level.

Abstract: In an encoder which is equipped with two detectors arranged on both sides of a rotating shaft in order to eliminate an eccentricity error, the mounting of the detectors is facilitated by making provisions so as to not cause a problem in the calculating of an average even if the detectors happen to be so mounted that the difference between the angular values calculated from the outputs of the respective detectors becomes equal to 180°. In an initialization process after power on, the difference ?? between the angular values ?1 and ?2 calculated from the signals output from the respective detectors is stored as an initial value. Position data ? is output by taking an average between ?3 and ?2, where ?3 is a value obtained by correcting ?1 by the initial difference ??.

Abstract: A driving control apparatus that can judge whether there is any abnormality in the operation of an acceleration sensor as well as in the mounting direction thereof. The driving control apparatus which controls the operation of a driven part via a driving device is constructed to include an abnormality judging circuit which, based on acceleration information from the acceleration sensor, judges the presence or absence of an abnormality in the operation of the acceleration sensor, or the mounting thereof with respect to the driven part, in addition to a position sensor or velocity sensor which detects the position or velocity of the driven part and the acceleration sensor which detects the acceleration of the driven part separately from the position sensor or velocity sensor.

Abstract: An assembly of electric motor with encoder, including an electric motor having a motor housing, and an encoder for detecting the rotation angle of the output shaft of the electric motor. The encoder includes a frame member attached to the motor housing in a conductive manner, a circuit board supported on the frame member and a detection circuit provided in the circuit board. The assembly of electric motor with encoder further includes an output signal cable connected to the circuit board of the encoder and including a signal wire and a shield member, and a grounding mechanism electrically connecting the shield member of the output signal cable to the motor housing for grounding purposes. The grounding mechanism includes a conductor patterned on the circuit board, a first connecting structure mutually connecting the conductor to the shield member, and a second connecting structure mutually connecting the conductor to the frame member.

Abstract: A self-diagnosing system for an encoder. The system includes an encoder circuit for outputting information detected by an encoder; a data preparing section provided in the encoder circuit and preparing data representing a state of an abnormal-state judgment factor in connection with at least one of the encoder and an electric motor combined with the encoder; a signal generating section provided in the encoder circuit and generating an abnormal-state signal when the data prepared in the data preparing section represents an abnormal state of the abnormal-state judgment factor; and a storage section provided in the encoder circuit and storing the data representing a state of the abnormal-state judgment factor when the signal generating section generates the abnormal-state signal. The storage section may store the data prepared in the data preparing section at a desired timing not later than the instant the signal generating section generates the abnormal-state signal.

Abstract: An encoder that can detect the presence of noise occurring within the encoder. The encoder is constructed by incorporating within the same apparatus: a movement detecting unit for detecting the movement of a moving body; a signal processing circuit for processing a movement detection signal supplied from the movement detecting unit, and thereby producing an encoder signal representing the position and/or the amount of displacement of the moving body; and a noise detecting unit for detecting noise superimposed on the movement detection signal. According to this encoder, a noise voltage generated within the encoder via a stray capacitance is detected within the encoder and is output as noise data, so that the noise level can be detected without requiring the use of an external measuring device. Further, by outputting encoder data and noise data occurring at the same instant in time, the reliability of the encoder data can be judged based on the condition of the noise level.