Abstract: A sheet processing apparatus includes a first cylinder, second cylinder, third cylinder, first driving device, second driving device, third driving device, thickness input device, and controller. The first cylinder receives a sheet from an upstream transport cylinder and holds the sheet. The second cylinder is disposed to oppose the first cylinder and prints/coats the sheet held by the first cylinder. The third cylinder is disposed to oppose the first cylinder and supplies ink/varnish to a circumferential surface of the first cylinder. The first driving device adjusts a gap amount between the first cylinder and the upstream transport cylinder. The second driving device adjusts the position of the second cylinder with respect to the first cylinder. The third driving device adjusts the position of the third cylinder with respect to the first cylinder. The thickness input device inputs the thickness of the sheet.

Abstract: A sheet processing apparatus includes a first cylinder, second cylinder, third cylinder, first driving device, second driving device, third driving device, and controller. The first cylinder receives a sheet from an upstream transport cylinder and holds the sheet. The second cylinder is disposed to oppose the first cylinder and prints/coats the sheet held by the first cylinder. The third cylinder is disposed to oppose the first cylinder and supplies ink/varnish to a circumferential surface of the first cylinder. The first driving device adjusts a gap amount between the first cylinder and upstream transport cylinder. The second driving device adjusts the position of the second cylinder with respect to the first cylinder. The third driving device adjusts the position of the third cylinder with respect to the first cylinder. The controller controls the second and third driving devices when the first driving device adjusts the gap amount between the first cylinder and upstream transport cylinder.

Abstract: A sheet processing apparatus includes a first cylinder, second cylinder, third cylinder, first driving device, second driving device, third driving device, gap amount input device, and controller. The first cylinder receives a sheet from an upstream transport cylinder and holds the sheet. The second cylinder is disposed to oppose the first cylinder and prints/coats the sheet held by the first cylinder. The third cylinder is disposed to oppose the first cylinder and supplies ink/varnish to a circumferential surface of the first cylinder. The first driving device adjusts a gap amount between the first cylinder and upstream transport cylinder. The second driving device adjusts the position of the second cylinder with respect to the first cylinder. The third driving device adjusts the position of the third cylinder with respect to the first cylinder. The gap amount input device inputs the gap amount between the first cylinder and upstream transport cylinder.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus includes a liquid supply device and cleaning unit. The liquid supply device supplies a transfer liquid to a first cylinder. The transfer liquid supplied from the liquid supply device to the first cylinder is transferred to a transfer target body which comes into contact with the first cylinder. The cleaning unit comes into contact with and cleans the first cylinder. The cleaning unit is arranged downstream of a contact position where the first cylinder is in contact with the transfer target body in a rotational direction of the first cylinder, and upstream of a liquid receiving position where the first cylinder receives a liquid supplied from the liquid supply device in a rotational direction of the first cylinder.

Abstract: A liquid transfer apparatus includes a supply cylinder and viscosity reducing agent supply unit. The supply cylinder comes into contact with a transfer target body and supplies a transfer liquid to the transfer target body. The viscosity reducing agent supply unit supplies a viscosity reducing agent which reduces a viscosity of the transfer liquid to the supply cylinder after the apparatus emergently stops and before the supply cylinder starts transfer.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus includes a cleaning web, contact member, and web travel unit. The cleaning web is supported to be able to come into contact with and separate from a rotating body so as to clean the rotating body. The contact member comes into contact with the cleaning web. The web travel unit causes the cleaning web to travel and causes the cleaning web to travel for a predetermined length after cleaning the rotating body.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus includes a first liquid supply unit, second cylinder, cleaning unit, third cylinder, second liquid supply unit, first cleaning liquid supply unit, and controller. The first liquid supply unit supplies a transfer liquid to a first cylinder. The second cylinder performs transfer to one surface of a transfer target body with the transfer liquid transferred from the first cylinder. The cleaning unit cleans the circumferential surface of the second cylinder in contact with it. The third cylinder is arranged to oppose the second cylinder and performs transfer to the other surface of the transfer target body. The second liquid supply unit supplies the transfer liquid to the third cylinder. The first cleaning liquid supply unit supplies a cleaning liquid to at least one of the first cylinder and the third cylinder. The controller controls the control unit to clean the second cylinder while the second cylinder is in contact with the first cylinder and the third cylinder.

Abstract: A sheet abnormality detection apparatus includes a plurality of abutting members which move upon coming into contact with at least one of sheets conveyed to overlap while being shifted from each other in a convey direction and an object attached to a sheet. The plurality of abutting members are disposed side by side in a direction perpendicular to a sheet convey direction. The apparatus also includes an abnormality detection unit which detects a sheet abnormality on the basis of a relative positional shift among the plurality of abutting members. A sheet abnormality detection method is also disclosed.

Abstract: In a semiconductor device, an insulating layer formed on a substrate and a wiring pattern layer is formed on the insulating layer. A lower mark element is defined as a groove formed in the insulating layer, and defines an overlay mark in conjunction with an upper mask element formed in a photoresist pattern coated on the insulating layer for the formation of the wiring pattern layer. The lower mark element features a width falling within a range from approximately 4 to 6 ?m, and a depth of at most 1 ?m.

Abstract: A differential amplifier circuit in which an input offset voltage is very small. The differential amplifier circuit includes an input-stage differential amplifier section and a cascode-connected single-ended output section connected to the input-stage differential amplifier section. The input-stage differential amplifier section has a folded-cascode-connection. An inverted signal and non-inverted signal on the input side and output side, respectively, of the input-stage differential amplifier section are switched alternatingly in time-shared fashion by switches that are operated by two chopping clock signals of opposite phase.

Abstract: Disclosed is a two-component, bio-degradable/absorbable adhesive medical material, which has a bonding component comprising a biodegradable polymer, and a hardening component comprising a low-molecular-weight derivative prepared by modifying a carboxyl group in a di- or tri-carboxylic acid of the citric acid cycle, with an electron-attracting group (one or a combination of two or more selected from the group consisting of a succinimidyl group, a sulfosuccinimidyl group, a maleimidyl group, a phthalimidyl group, an imidazolyl group, a nitrophenyl group and a tresyl group, and derivatives thereof).

Abstract: In a semiconductor device, an insulating layer formed on a substrate and a wiring pattern layer is formed on the insulating layer. A lower mark element is defined as a groove formed in the insulating layer, and defines an overlay mark in conjunction with an upper mask element formed in a photoresist pattern coated on the insulating layer for the formation of the wiring pattern layer. The lower mark element features a width falling within a range from approximately 4 to 6 ?m, and a depth of at most 1 ?m.

Abstract: The power-supply voltage detection circuit to detect that an external power-supply voltage and/or an internal power-supply voltage generated from the external power-supply voltage goes out of predetermined regulation comprises a first comparator for detecting the internal power-supply voltage being equal to or less than a predetermined value, a second comparator for detecting the internal power-supply voltage being greater than a predetermined value, a first capacitor for AC-coupling one of the input terminals of the first comparator to the external power-supply voltage, and a second capacitor for AC-coupling one of the input terminals of the second comparator to the external power-supply voltage.

Abstract: The crosslinking agents and condensing agents that have been employed in biological adhesives and in treating medical devices such as cardiac valves are non-natural compounds synthesized artificially. Thus, they are not metabolized in vivo and exhibit toxicity to living bodies. These compounds are thus used only in a restricted amount and for limited purposes in the clinical sites. The present invention provides a biological low-molecular-weight derivative obtained by modifying carboxyl groups of a biological low-molecular-weight compound with N-hydroxysuccinimide, N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide, or a derivative thereof and a crosslinked high-molecular-weight product obtained by crosslinking various high-molecular-weight compounds with this derivative.

Abstract: The power-supply voltage detection circuit to detect that an external power-supply voltage and/or an internal power-supply voltage generated from the external power-supply voltage goes out of predetermined regulation comprises a first comparator for detecting the internal power-supply voltage being equal to or less than a predetermined value, a second comparator for detecting the internal power-supply voltage being greater than a predetermined value, a first capacitor for AC-coupling one of the input terminals of the first comparator to the external power-supply voltage, and a second capacitor for AC-coupling one of the input terminals of the second comparator to the external power-supply voltage.

Abstract: An optical fiber comprising a core and a cladding region which covers an outer periphery of the core, having a zero-dispersion wavelength in a wavelength range of 1.4 &mgr;m to 1.65 &mgr;m, and being in a single mode in that zero-dispersion wavelength, wherein GeO2 is doped in the core in a quantity such that a relative refractive index difference of the core becomes not less than 1.8%, the cladding region includes first, second, and third cladding regions, and a refractive index of the second cladding region is smaller than those of the first cladding region and the third cladding region.

Abstract: When the through holes are formed in the first to the eighth insulation layers, an alignment is performed by using an alignment mark provided in the lowermost wiring layer. The alignment marks provided in the insulation layers are formed by being alternately overlapped in two areas of a scribe line having a saucer, thereby, the area occupied by the alignment marks is reduced.

Abstract: A method of making a resist pattern is provided, which decreases or eliminates the fluctuation of deformation of original openings of a resist layer which is induced by the change of their density (i.e., the count of the original openings within a unit area) or by their location in the reflowing process. The method comprises the steps of (a) forming a resist layer on a target layer; (b) patterning the resist layer to form original openings and at least one slit in the resist layer; the slit surrounding the original openings and having a specific width; and (c) reflowing the resist layer patterned in the step (b) under heat to cause deformation in the original openings and the at least one slit, thereby contracting the original openings and eliminating the at least one slit; the original openings thus contracted serving as resultant openings for forming desired contact/via holes in the target layer; the resist layer having the resultant openings constituting a resist pattern.

Abstract: An optical fiber comprising a core and a cladding region which covers an outer periphery of the core, having a zero-dispersion wavelength in a wavelength range of 1.4 &mgr;m to 1.65 &mgr;m, and being in a single mode in that zero-dispersion wavelength, wherein GeO2 is doped in the core in a quantity such that a relative refractive index difference of the core becomes not less than 1.8%, the cladding region includes first, second, and third cladding regions, and a refractive index of the second cladding region is smaller than those of the first cladding region and the third cladding region.

Abstract: When the through holes are formed in the first to the eighth insulation layers, an alignment is performed by using an alignment mark provided in the lowermost wiring layer. The alignment marks provided in the insulation layers are formed by being alternately overlapped in two areas of a scribe line having a saucer, thereby, the area occupied by the alignment marks is reduced.