Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal panel. The liquid crystal device is made up of first and second substrates, a first alignment layer formed on a surface of the first substrate so as to have a first pre-tilt angle, a second alignment layer formed on a surface of the second substrate so as to have a second pre-tilt angle which is smaller than the first pre-tilt angle, a third alignment layer formed on the surface of the second substrate so as to have a third pre-tilt angle which is greater than the first pre-tilt angle, and nematic liquid crystal material filled in a space between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: A liquid crystal orientation film comprises a support film formed on a substrate, and an orientation-control film formed on and chemically coupled with the support film. The orientation-control film has a trifluoromethyl group and is in direct contact with a liquid crystal in a liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: 37 A liquid crystal display device is provided which comprises a cell unit having a pair of optically transparent substrates each having an optically transparent electrode layer and an alignent layer for liquid crystal formed in this order on one side of the substrate. The paired substrates is in spaced relation with each other and is arranged such that the respective alignment layers are facing each other. A liquid crystal is contained in the space between the paired substrates. The alignment layers are made of a polymer material having both a ring structure and a substituted group at side chains thereof and are subjected to rubbing treatment. The use of the alignment layers ensures a great pretilt angle for liquid crystal molecules.

Abstract: Liquid crystal compositions comprising indigo dyes which have a benzene ring having a branched alkyl group introduced thereinto. The indigo dyes have improved solubilities in host liquid crystal materials and are suitable for guest-host liquid crystal display.