Abstract: Disclosed herein is a liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal display device includes: a first substrate; a second substrate; a liquid crystal layer; a first electrode part; and a second electrode part. The first electrode part includes a pixel electrode formed in the pixel area and a peripheral electrode formed in the peripheral area. The second electrode part includes a pixel electrode part formed in the pixel area and a peripheral electrode formed in the peripheral area. The peripheral electrode of at least one of the first electrode part and the second electrode part is formed by a plurality of electrodes adjacent to each other. Voltage values of driving voltages applied to the respective electrodes adjacent to each other of the peripheral electrode are different from each other.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a high quality able to prevent deterioration etc. of a liquid crystal panel even when a liquid crystal panel used in a light valve of a projector etc. is operated under a high temperature and high humidity environment and a projection type display apparatus using the liquid crystal display device, wherein a liquid crystal layer 16 is sandwiched between a pair of substrates formed by bonding a TFT array substrate 11 and a counter substrate 12 by a sealing material 15 so that they face each other across a predetermined gap, the sealing material 15 contains a nonconductive filler having a mean particle size of less than 0.5 ?m, a liquid crystal material used in the liquid crystal layer 16 is set in its refractive index anisotropy an at room temperature to 0.16 or more, and a cell gap d of an interval between the TFT array substrate 11 and the counter substrate 12 is set at 3 ?m or less.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal display device includes: a first substrate; a second substrate; a liquid crystal layer; a first electrode part; and a second electrode part. The first electrode part includes a pixel electrode formed in the pixel area and a peripheral electrode formed in the peripheral area. The second electrode part includes a pixel electrode part formed in the pixel area and a peripheral electrode formed in the peripheral area. The peripheral electrode of at least one of the first electrode part and the second electrode part is formed by a plurality of electrodes adjacent to each other. Voltage values of driving voltages applied to the respective electrodes adjacent to each other of the peripheral electrode are different from each other.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a liquid crystal display element in which a liquid crystal layer is interposed between a pair of substrates laminated to each other by a sealing material such that alignment films are opposed to each other with a predetermined gap between the alignment films, wherein a range of dielectric anisotropy ?? of a material for the liquid crystal layer at a measured temperature of 70° C. is ?4.5 to less than zero.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a high quality able to prevent deterioration etc. of a liquid crystal panel even when a liquid crystal panel used in a light valve of a projector etc. is operated under a high temperature and high humidity environment and a projection type display apparatus using the liquid crystal display device, wherein a liquid crystal layer 16 is sandwiched between a pair of substrates formed by bonding a TFT array substrate 11 and a counter substrate 12 by a sealing material 15 so that they face each other across a predetermined gap, the sealing material 15 contains a nonconductive filler having a mean particle size of less than 0.5 ?m, a liquid crystal material used in the liquid crystal layer 16 is set in its refractive index anisotropy ?n at room temperature to 0.16 or more, and a cell gap d of an interval between the TFT array substrate 11 and the counter substrate 12 is set at 3 ?m or less.

Abstract: A transmission type display includes a thin film transistor for driving a pixel electrode, which transistor is provided on a substrate, and a conductive shield layer provided at a position over the thin film transistor and under the pixel electrode. A first planarization film is formed to bury an irregular contour of the thin film transistor and the shield layer is disposed on the planarized surface of the first planarization film, and a second planarization film is formed to bury steps of the shield layer, and the pixel electrode is disposed on the planarized surface of the second planarization film. Since the transmission type display has the structure in which the conductive shield layer is put between the upper second planarization film and the lower first planarization film each of which is made from an insulating material, the shielding performance and the alignment characteristic of the display can be improved.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display device in which film thickness irregularities and rubbing irregularities of orientation films are minimized in which superior image quality is provided even when columnar spacers are disposed therein. The liquid crystal display device has a structure in which a liquid crystal substance is sandwiched between a pair of substrates facing each other with the space therebetween controlled to a specific value by a plurality of the columnar spacers independent from each other, wherein the placement density of the columnar spacers is 100 to 2000/mm2, and the sectional area of the columnar spacers is 1 to 100 &mgr;m2.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus has a drive substrate and a facing electrode substrate superimposed and joined each other via spacers and seal materials, wherein the drive substrate carries drive devices for driving liquid crystal material, the facing electrode substrate carries facing electrodes facing to the drive devices. Liquid crystal material is injected between the drive substrate and the facing electrode substrate. The seal materials include an outer seal formed along outer periphery of the drive substrate and the facing electrode substrate and inner seals formed inside of the outer seal, and a space between the out side part of an effective picture element area having drive devices and an inside portion of the outer seal facing to the effective picture element area or an inside portion of the inner seal can be formed in approximately uniform.

Abstract: A transmission type display includes a thin film transistor for driving a pixel electrode, which transistor is provided on a substrate, and a conductive shield layer provided at a position over the thin film transistor and under the pixel electrode. A first planarization film is formed to bury an irregular contour of the thin film transistor and the shield layer is disposed on the planarized surface of the first planarization film, and a second planarization film is formed to bury steps of the shield layer, and the pixel electrode is disposed on the planarized surface of the second planarization film. Since the transmission type display has the structure in which the conductive shield layer is put between the upper second planarization film and the lower first planarization film each of which is made from an insulating material, the shielding performance and the alignment characteristic of the display can be improved.

Abstract: A transmission type display includes a thin film transistor for driving a pixel electrode, which transistor is provided on a substrate, and a conductive shield layer provided at a position over the thin film transistor and under the pixel electrode. A first planarization film is formed to bury an irregular contour of the thin film transistor and the shield layer is disposed on the planarized surface of the first planarization film, and a second planarization film is formed to bury steps of the shield layer, and the pixel electrode is disposed on the planarized surface of the second planarization film. Since the transmission type display has the structure in which the conductive shield layer is put between the upper second planarization film and the lower first planarization film each of which is made from an insulating material, the shielding performance and the alignment characteristic of the display can be improved.

Abstract: A method of forming a liquid crystal alignment film able to prevent uneven drying of a liquid crystal alignment film and thereby prevent alignment defects of the liquid crystal and reduce the defect rate of liquid crystal display devices, including the steps of dissolving a polymer material (preferably a polyimide) in a solvent comprised of a polar main solvent (preferably &ggr;-butyrolactone or N-methyl-&agr;-pyrrolidone) plus about 5 to 15 wt % of butyl &bgr;-hydroxyethyl ether as a leveling agent and coating the solution on a substrate; pre-baking the substrate to volatilize at least part of the mixed solvent; and baking the substrate at a higher temperature than pre-baking to polymerize the polymer material, and a method of producing a liquid crystal display device including the above steps.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display device in which film thickness irregularities and rubbing irregularities of orientation films are minimized in which superior image quality is provided even when columnar spacers are disposed therein. The liquid crystal display device has a structure in which a liquid crystal substance is sandwiched between a pair of substrates facing each other with the space therebetween controlled to a specific value by a plurality of the columnar spacers independent from each other, wherein the placement density of the columnar spacers is 100 to 2000/mm2, and the sectional area of the columnar spacers is 1 to 100 &mgr;m2.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus has a drive substrate and a facing electrode substrate superimposed and joined each other via spacers and seal materials, wherein the drive substrate carries drive devices for driving liquid crystal material, the facing electrode substrate carries facing electrodes facing to the drive devices. Liquid crystal material is injected between the drive substrate and the facing electrode substrate. The seal materials include an outer seal formed along outer periphery of the drive substrate and the facing electrode substrate and inner seals formed inside of the outer seal, and a space between the out side part of an effective picture element area having drive devices and an inside portion of the outer seal facing to the effective picture element area or an inside portion of the inner seal can be formed in approximately uniform.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device minimized in image retention phenomenon, comprising: a first insulating substrate having a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix and a first alignment film provided on the inner surface thereof, said insulating substrate comprising a plurality of thin film transistors associated with each of the pixel electrodes; a second insulating substrate disposed opposed to the first insulating substrate, said second insulating substrate having facing electrodes and a second alignment film formed on the inner surface thereof; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and the second insulating substrates; and at least one of the first and the second alignment films having a thickness of 60 nm or less.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device minimized in image retention phenomenon, comprising: a first insulating substrate having a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix and a first alignment film provided on the inner surface thereof, said insulating substrate comprising a plurality of thin film transistors associated with each of the pixel electrodes; a second insulating substrate disposed opposed to the first insulating substrate, said second insulating substrate having facing electrodes and a second alignment film formed on the inner surface thereof; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and the second insulating substrates; and at least one of the first and the second alignment films having a thickness of 60 nm or less.