Abstract: In a fuel cell including an electrolyte layer allowing an anion component to migrate, and a fuel-side electrode and an oxygen-side electrode arranged to face each other while sandwiching the electrolyte layer, the oxygen-side electrode contains a first catalyst containing a first transition metal and polypyrrole, and a second catalyst containing a second transition metal and a porphyrin ring-containing compound so that the mixing ratio of the first catalyst relative to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the first catalyst and the second catalyst is more than 10 parts by mass, and below 90 parts by mass.

Abstract: An illumination optical system is one for illuminating a surface to be illuminated with light from a light source, which has a distribution forming optical system including an optical integrator and forming a pupil intensity distribution on an illumination pupil located behind the optical integrator, and an optical attenuator arranged on a predetermined surface in an optical path behind the optical integrator and having an attenuation characteristic of varying an attenuation rate depending upon an angle of incidence to the predetermined surface.

Abstract: An illumination optical system can form a pupil intensity distribution with a desired beam profile. The illumination optical system for illuminating an illumination target surface with light from a light source is provided with a spatial light modulator which has a plurality of optical elements arrayed on a predetermined surface and individually controlled and which variably forms a light intensity distribution on an illumination pupil of the illumination optical system; a divergence angle providing member which is arranged in a conjugate space including a surface optically conjugate with the predetermined surface and which provides a divergence angle to an incident beam and emits the beam; and a polarizing member which is arranged at a position in the vicinity of the predetermined surface or in the conjugate space and which changes a polarization state of a partial beam of a propagating beam propagating in an optical path.

Abstract: Provided is a method for purifying exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine of a vehicle, using an exhaust gas purifying catalyst including a composite oxide represented by the following general formula AO.x(B2-yCyO3-?), wherein A represents an element selected from monovalent elements, divalent elements and lanthanides; B represents a trivalent element; and C represents a noble metal; x represents an integer of 1; y represents an atomic ratio satisfying the following relation: 0<y<2; and ? represents a deficient atomic ratio of oxygen atoms; and wherein the composite oxide has a spinel type crystal phase, and wherein the exhaust gas purifying catalyst removes carbon monoxide (CO) exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine of the vehicle.

Abstract: An illumination optical system which illuminates an illumination objective surface with a light from a light source. The illumination optical system includes a spatial light modulator which includes a plurality of optical elements arranged within a predetermined plane and controlled individually, and which forms a light intensity distribution in an illumination pupil of the illumination optical system; and a polarization unit which is arranged in a position optically conjugate with the predetermined plane, and which polarizes an incident light beam having a first and second partial light beams, coming into the polarization unit such that the first and second partial light beams have polarization states different from each other, and emits the polarized incident light beam as an outgoing light beam, wherein the polarization unit changes, in a cross section of the outgoing light beam, a ratio between a cross sectional areas of the first and second partial light beams.

Abstract: A power-generating system includes a heat source which is able to produce temporal temperature variation, a first device in which polarization occurs based on the temperature change of the heat source, and a second device for taking out a net generating power from the first device, wherein 80% or higher of the total surface area of the first device is heated and/or cooled with the heat source.

Abstract: A power-generating system includes a heat source which is able to produce temporal temperature variation; a first device which is able to produce temporal temperature variation so as to include at least partially a temperature range of ?20° C. relative to the Curie temperature to +10° C. relative to the Curie temperature based on the temperature change of the heat source, and in which polarization occurs; and a second device for taking out a net generating power from the first device.

Abstract: A graft chain containing an N-vinylimidazole derivative is introduced into a polymer substrate by radiation graft polymerization to obtain an alkyl substituted imidazolium salt by a reaction with an alkyl halide, so that an anion exchange membrane with high alkaline durability, in which a nucleophilic substitution reaction and an elimination reaction are inhibited, is obtained.

Abstract: A display device includes a first light guide member provided with a first reflecting surface formed at its first end to reflect light emitted by a light source; a second light guide member provided with a penetrating hole in which the first light guide member is intended to be inserted and a second reflecting surface formed at its first end to reflect the light; a first pointer and a second pointer fixed to the first end of the first light guide member and the first end of the second light guide member to be illuminated by the light reflected by the first reflection surface and the second reflection surface, respectively, and a driving member configured to separately rotate the first light guide member and the second light guide member around a same rotation axis with the first pointer and the second pointer, respectively.

Abstract: An electrode for plasma generation according to the present invention includes a plurality of collecting portions having a plurality of through holes, the plurality of collecting portions facing a gas flow in a direction where gas to be treated flows and provided spaced apart from each other. The electrode is applied to a plasma reactor of a treatment device to be provided for a device which discharges the smoke including PM, for example, an exhaust gas purifying device for automobile, or a smoke treatment device used in a facility where the smoke is discharged such as a plant.

Abstract: An anion conducting electrolyte membrane with high performance where the electric conductivity and the water uptake are balanced, and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The anion conducting electrolyte membrane comprises: a polymeric material which consists of fluorine polymer, olefinic polymer, or aromatic polymer; weak base quaternary salt obtained by the reaction of grafts introduced by graft polymerizing vinyl monomer which contains halogenated alkyl groups using radiation and strong organic bases.

Abstract: A fuel cell system of the present invention includes a fixing unit that fixes or releases hydrazine; a releasing liquid supplying unit that supplies a water-based releasing liquid for releasing hydrazine fixed in the fixing unit to the fixing unit; a fuel cell to which hydrazine released in the fixing unit is supplied as fuel; a sensing unit for detecting an amount of hydrazine supplied to the fuel cell; and a detection unit that detects an amount of hydrazine fixed in the fixing unit based on a predetermined theoretical hydrazine supply amount to the fuel cell and a hydrazine supply amount detected by the sensing unit.

Abstract: An illumination optical system which illuminates an irradiated plane with illumination light provided from a light source includes a spatial light modulator which is arranged in an optical path of the illumination optical system and cooperates with part of the illumination optical system to form a desired light intensity distribution at a pupil position of the illumination optical system or a position optically conjugated with the pupil position. A detection unit detects the light intensity distribution of the illumination light at a position in an optical path extending from the light source to the spatial light modulator. The detection unit includes a light receiving surface which receives some of the illumination light. A control unit controls the spatial light modulator based on the light intensity distribution detected by the detection unit.

Abstract: An illumination optical system for illuminating an irradiated plane M with illumination light provided from a light source includes a spatial light modulator, which is arranged in an optical path of the illumination optical system and forms a desired light intensity distribution at a pupil position of the illumination optical system or a position optically conjugated with the pupil position, and a diffuser, which is arranged at an incidence side of the spatial light modulator through which the illumination light enters.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a fuel cell having excellent power generation performance, which includes a compound containing at least hydrogen and nitrogen as fuel and uses an anion exchange membrane as an electrolyte layer. [Solution] In a fuel cell 1 including an electrolyte layer 4 formed from an anion exchange membrane, a fuel side electrode 2 and an oxygen side electrode 3, both electrodes being disposed to face each other with the electrolyte layer 4 interposed therebetween, the fuel side electrode 2 contains lanthanum and nickel as a metal catalyst such that the content proportion of lanthanum is 10 to 30% relative to the total mole of the lanthanum and nickel. Further, a compound containing at least hydrogen and nitrogen, such as hydrazine, is used as fuel.

Abstract: An illumination optical apparatus that substantially maintains a desirable profile even when changing the outer shape of light intensity distribution formed on an illumination pupil plane with an axicon system. The illumination optical system illuminates an irradiated surface based on light from an optical source and includes a prism system, which changes the interval along an optical axis between a pair of prisms to change the light intensity distribution on an illumination pupil plane.

Abstract: An illumination optical system for illuminating an irradiated plane M with illumination light provided from a light source includes a spatial light modulator, which is arranged in an optical path of the illumination optical system and forms a desired light intensity distribution at a pupil position of the illumination optical system or a position optically conjugated with the pupil position, and a diffuser, which is arranged at an incidence side of the spatial light modulator through which the illumination light enters.

Abstract: There is disclosed an inspection device for inspecting a spatial light modulator having a plurality of optical elements arrayed two-dimensionally and controlled individually, said inspection device comprising, a conjugate optical system which is arranged optically downstream the spatial light modulator and which forms a conjugate plane optically conjugate with an array plane where the plurality of optical elements are arrayed, a photodetector having a detection surface arranged on or near the conjugate plane, and an inspection unit which inspects optical characteristics of the plurality of optical elements, based on a result of detection by the photodetector.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an illumination optical system comprises an optical integrator which forms a secondary light source on an illumination pupil plane in an illumination optical path of the illumination optical system with incidence of exposure light from a light source device thereinto; a first transmission filter arranged in an optical path of the exposure light emitted from a first surface illuminant of the secondary light source and having a transmittance characteristic varying according to angles of incidence of the exposure light; a second transmission filter arranged in an optical path of the exposure light emitted from a second surface illuminant of the secondary light source and having a transmittance characteristic varying according to the angles of incidence of the exposure light; and a rotation mechanism which rotates the first and second transmission filters so as to vary an angle of inclination thereof relative to the optical axis of the illumination optical system.

Abstract: An inspection device is for inspecting a spatial light modulator having a plurality of optical elements arrayed two-dimensionally and controlled individually. The inspection device includes a Fourier transform optical system which is arranged optically downstream the spatial light modulator and which forms a Fourier transform plane optically in a Fourier transform relation with an array plane where the plurality of optical elements are arrayed, a photodetector having a detection surface arranged on or near the Fourier transform plane, and an inspection unit which inspects optical characteristics of the plurality of optical elements, based on a result of detection by the photodetector.