Abstract: An automatic transmission includes a transmission case containing oil, a transmission structure housed in the transmission case, for varying the ratio of rotational speeds between a driving shaft connected to wheels and an engine shaft connected to an engine, a transmission control valve housed in the transmission case, for controlling the transmission structure, and a motor as a driving source for driving the transmission control valve. The motor includes a cover, a motor body having a coil disposed under the cover and formed with a wound conductor, a shaft rotated by an electrical current applied to the coil, and a converting structure for converting the rotational movement of the shaft into linear movement. The motor is fixed to the transmission case so that the motor body is disposed in air.

Abstract: An electromagnetic device includes an outer casing, a shaft rotatably supported by the outer casing, and a motor main body disposed inside the outer casing, the motor main body having a stator and a rotor, the stator having coils constructed by winding conducting wires onto conducting-wire spool portions of first and second bobbins, the coils being embedded in an outer molding, and cores being disposed so as to cover the outer molding, and the rotor being secured to the shaft, the coils being constituted by first phase and second phase excitation coils formed by winding two of the conducting wires into unifilar windings on the conducting-wire spool portion of the first bobbin, and third phase and fourth phase excitation coils formed by winding two of the conducting wires into unifilar windings on the conducting-wire spool portion of the second bobbin.

Abstract: An electromagnetic device includes an outer casing, a shaft rotatably supported by the outer casing, and a motor main body disposed inside the outer casing, the motor main body having a stator and a rotor, the stator having coils each constructed by winding a conducting wire onto a bobbin, the coils being embedded in an outer molding, and cores being disposed so as to cover the outer molding, and the rotor being secured to the shaft, wherein the conducting wire of the coils is constructed by coating onto a copper wire an electrically-insulating layer composed of denatured polyimide resin which is a material resistant to permeation by sulfur compounds.

Abstract: Factories (102-104) have host computers (107) for monitoring industrial equipments (106). Each host computer (107) is connected to a management host computer (108) on a vendor (101) side through the internet (105). The host computer (107) on the factory side detects occurrence of a trouble of the industrial equipment (106) and notifies the vendor side of status information representing a trouble state. In response to this, the host computer (108) on the vendor side notifies the factory side of response information representing a countermeasure against the trouble state.

Abstract: Factories (102-104) have host computers (107) for monitoring industrial equipments (106). Each host computer (107) is connected to a management host computer (108) on a vendor (101) side through the internet (105). The host computer (107) on the factory side detects occurrence of a trouble of the industrial equipment (106) and notifies the vendor side of status information representing a trouble state. In response to this, the host computer (108) on the vendor side notifies the factory side of response information representing a countermeasure against the trouble state.

Abstract: A disk-shaped throttle valve composed of an injection-molded resin having first main surface and a second main surface which are generally parallel includes a circular groove or semi-circular grooves centered on a gate resin portion where the resin is injected. The first main surface may also include a recess portion around the gate resin portion positioned such that the gate resin portion does not project beyond the first main surface. An accumulated resin portion may also be disposed on the second main surface opposite the gate resin portion, the accumulated resin portion being formed as a protrusion positioned such that an apex portion does not project beyond the second main surface.

Abstract: A step motor is provided that makes it possible to lower the manufacturing cost and accurately control the movement of a holder. The step motor is provided with: a motor case (3); a hollow columnar stator (4) which is provided inside the motor case (3) and which generates a magnetic field; a rotor (42) which is rotatably provided in the stator (4) and which rotates in steps according to the generated magnetic field of the stator (4); an actuating shaft (43) which is fixed to the rotor (42) and which has a threaded portion (53) at one end thereof; a holder (45) which is threadably engaged with the threaded portion (53) and which is movable in the axial direction; and a guide (44) which is fixed to the motor case (3), which prevents the rotational motion of the holder (45), and which guides the holder (45) to move in the axial direction.

Abstract: A cylinder injection type fuel injection valve comprising a valve body of a cylindrical type, a valve seat having an injection nozzle for injecting fuel at the center thereof, a valve capable of abutting on and separating from the valve seat to open and close the injection nozzle, a hollow housing connected to the valve body at one end, a solenoid located in the inside of the housing for operating the valve to be opened and closed, and a core which is connected to the housing at one end to form a magnetic circuit in association with the housing, wherein the connecting portion between the housing and the core is encirclingly welded, whereby connecting strength of the connecting portion between the core and the housing is improved, a change in properties under high combustion pressure can be prevented, and capability of withstanding pressure is improved.

Abstract: An alignment method useable with an original having a pattern and a substrate having a surface area on which the pattern of the original is printed. The alignment method comprises detecting plural marks, calculating plural times, the amount of rotational deviation on the basis of different combinations of marks, calculating the quantity of rotational correction of the original and the substrate by using the computed rotational deviations, and aligning on the basis of the calculated quantity of the rotational deviation.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve includes: a valve seat provided at one end of a hollow valve main body and having an injection hole; a valve body separated/contacted from/with the valve seat to open/close the injection hole; and a swirler for surrounding the valve body to slidably support the valve body and for giving swirling to a fuel flowing into the injection hole, the swirler being produced by metal powder injection molding.

Abstract: A cylinder injection type fuel injection valve has a metallic ring 15 of a substantially T-like shape which is disposed inside a solenoid 2 and which has inner and outer sides supported by O-rings 16, 17 in order to seal highly pressurized fuel, whereby a change in a flow rate of fuel, which may be resulted by attaching the fuel injection valve to an internal combustion engine, can be minimized without changing largely a sealing structure for fuel, and deformation of the metallic ring is minimized.

Abstract: A method of controlling a stage includes the steps of setting a plurality of drive modes according to which the stage is driven, which correspond to a plurality of positioning processes for positioning an element supported by the stage, and driving the stage according to the plurality of drive modes corresponding to the plurality of positioning processes. An exposure apparatus employing such a method includes a stage mechanism on which a substrate is placed, an exposure device for exposing the substrate to light, a memory for storing data representing a plurality of drive modes according to which the stage mechanism is driven for positioning the substrate, a driver for driving the stage mechanism in accordance with the drive modes, and a controller for selecting one of the drive modes stored in the memory in accordance with a positioning process according to which the substrate is to be positioned, and for controlling the driver in accordance with the selected drive mode.

Abstract: An exposure method includes disposing a mask and a semiconductor wafer opposed to each other in a close proximity relation with respect to a Z-axis direction and printing a pattern of the mask on each of different shot areas of the semiconductor wafer in a step-and-repeat manner, with a predetermined exposure energy. In this method, the spacing between the mask and the wafer for the paralleling of them is made larger than the spacing therebetween as assumed at the time of mask-to-wafer alignment with respect to X-Y plane or the spacing between the mask and the wafer as assumed at the time of exposure of the wafer to the mask. After the paralleling of the mask and the wafer, the mask and the wafer are moved closer to each other in the Z-axis direction and alignment and exposure is performed. This ensures that the alignment and exposure are effected at an optimum spacing while, on the other hand, contact of the mask and the wafer at the time of paralleling is precluded.

Abstract: An alignment method for use in an exposure apparatus for printing a pattern of an original onto different surface areas of a substrate, the alignment method comprising the steps of: providing alignment marks around the pattern of the original and placing the original on an original supporting stage; providing a reference mark on an X-Y stage for supporting the substrate and being movable in X and Y directions, and moving the X-Y stage so as to place the reference mark at those positions, in sequence, which correspond to the alignment marks of the original, respectively, and which are preset in respect to a stage coordinate system; detecting, in sequence, positional errors of the alignment marks of the original with respect to the corresponding set positions, respectively, by using the reference mark and through the movement of the X-Y stage, wherein the positional errors are detected by use of positional error detectors which are provided to be associated with the alignment marks of the original, respectively

Abstract: An alignment system for aligning a mask and a wafer into a predetermined positional relationship uses alignment marks provided on the mask and the water. In this system, light from a light source is directed to the alignment marks of the mask and the wafer and, then, the light from these alignment marks is detected by an accumulation type photoelectric converting device, for alignment of the mask and the wafer. The accumulation time of the photoelectric converting device is controlled to be sufficiently longer than or to be equal to a multiple, by an integral number, of the period of relative and natural vibration of the mask and the wafer. This makes it possible to reduce the effect of the relative vibration of the mask and the wafer upon the alignment result and, therefore, makes it possible to enhance the alignment precision.