Abstract: The present invention provides a polymer electrolyte fuel cell capable of eliminating condensate water, and preventing flooding due to an excessively humidified electrode by a simple structure and easy processing composition. A fuel cell comprising a plurality of stacked cells where separators having respectively a fuel gas passage or an oxidant gas passage formed on the surface thereof are opposed to a fuel electrode or an air electrode and an electrolyte membrane is arranged between the fuel electrode and the air electrode, in which a drainage means is disposed downstream the middle of the fuel gas passage or oxidant gas passage. In addition, a temperature adjustment means for adjusting the temperature of the fuel or the oxidant is provided at least at one point in the path from the supply inlet to the discharge exit of at least one passage of fuel electrode side or the air electrode side.

Abstract: A heat pump apparatus that having a refrigerating cycle including a compressor, a gas cooler, a pressure reducing device and an evaporator and is designed so that water can be heated by the gas cooler. A refrigerant such as CO2 or the like working in a supercritical area is filled and used at a high-pressure side in the refrigerating cycle and a radiator is equipped between the exit of the gas cooler and the pressure reducing device. The refrigerant temperature at the exit of the radiator is kept at a substantially fixed temperature irrespective of the temperature of hot water to the gas cooler.

Abstract: An on-vehicle air-conditioner for air-conditioning has a refrigeration circuit provided with a refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger installed for exchanging heat with the car exterior air that can be used for cooling and for heating, and at least one opening and closing duct for air inflow rate regulation installed in front of and/or behind the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger. By controlling the opening/closing of the duct according to the situation, the arrangement can solve problems of the prior art, and can efficiently and sufficiently perform cooling, heating, defrosting or the like. The arrangement is useful even when using, for example, CO2 as a refrigerant, in vehicles such as hybrid cars using electricity and gasoline as their energy source, idle stop coping cars or the like.

Abstract: In a fuel cell provided with a pair of separators sandwiching a cell that includes an electrolyte and a fuel electrode and an air electrode provided on respective sides of the electrolyte, gas passages in a separator adjacent to the fuel electrode are opposite to flat surfaces of a separator adjacent to the air electrode. Also, gas passages in the separator adjacent to the air electrode are opposite to flat surfaces of the separator adjacent to the fuel electrode.

Abstract: In a polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack, cooling water which is used to cool a cell and which flows through a cooling water emission manifold is made to flow into an end plate and into a practically sigmoidal contiguous stack end passage provided in an upper area of the end plate corresponding to a high-temperature area of the cell. The temperature of cooling water flowing from a cell at the stack end to the cooling water emission manifold is maintained constant by a flow rate control element.

Abstract: A pair of separators sandwiches an electrode assembly of fuel cell including an electrolyte and a pair of electrodes provides on respective sides of the electrolyte. The separator facing a fuel electrode is provided with a coolant introduction passage on the back of a fuel introduction passage and a second manifold for fuel supply.

Abstract: In a fuel cell provided with a pair of separators sandwiching a cell that includes an electrolyte and a fuel electrode and an air electrode provided on respective sides of the electrolyte, gas passages in a separator adjacent to the fuel electrode are opposite to flat surfaces of a separator adjacent to the air electrode. Also, gas passages in the separator adjacent to the air electrode are opposite to flat surfaces of the separator adjacent to the fuel electrode.

Abstract: An on-vehicle air conditioner for air conditioning, comprising a refrigerating circuit having a refrigerant outside heat exchanger installed so as to perform a heat exchange with outside air and usable for both cooling and heating, a coolant circuit having a coolant outside heat exchanger installed so as to perform a heat exchange with the outside air and allowing the coolant of an engine to circulate therein, and at least one opening/closing duct for inflow air regulation installed on the forward outside and/or rearward inside of the refrigerant outside heat exchanger, wherein the opening and closing of the duct can be controlled properly according to the situations, whereby cabin cooling, cabin heating, and defrosting can be performed efficiently and sufficiently even if, for example, CO2 refrigerant is used in the cars such as hybrid cars using electricity and gasoline as energy sources and idle stop-capable cars.

Abstract: In a heat pump apparatus that having a refrigerating cycle including a compressor 1, a gas cooler 3, a pressure reducing device 5 and an evaporator 7 and is designed so that water can be heated by the gas cooler, refrigerant such as CO2 or the like working in a supercritical area is filled and used at a high-pressure side in the refrigerating cycle and a radiator 21 is equipped between the exit of the gas cooler and the pressure reducing device. The refrigerant temperature at the exit of the radiator is kept to a substantially fixed temperature irrespective of the temperature of hot water to the gas cooler.

Abstract: A heat pump type hot water supply apparatus (10) for heating water by refrigerant heat and stocking the hot water thus achieved including: a heat pump unit (11) having a refrigerant circuit using natural refrigerant, the refrigerant circuit including a compressor (16) for compressing refrigerant, a heat-pump heat exchanger (18) and a refrigerant-water heat exchanger (27) for performing the heat exchange between refrigerant and water to achieve hot water; a hot water supply unit (12) including a hot water supply tank (26) for stocking the hot water achieved by the refrigerant-water heat exchanger (27) of the heat pump unit (11) and supplying the hot water thus stocked; and a water pipe (36) through which the refrigerant-water heat exchanger (27) of the heat pump unit (11) and the hot water supply tank (26) of the hot water supply unit (12) are connected to each other to circulate hot-water/water between the refrigerant-water heat exchanger (27) and said hot water supply tank (26).

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid polymer type fuel cell capable of eliminating condensate water, and preventing flooding due to an excessively humidified electrode by a simple structure and easy processing composition.

Abstract: A heat pump type hot water supply apparatus (10) for heating water by refrigerant heat and stocking the hot water thus achieved including: a heat pump unit (11) having a refrigerant circuit using natural refrigerant, the refrigerant circuit including a compressor (16) for compressing refrigerant, a heat-pump heat exchanger (18) and a refrigerant-water heat exchanger (27) for performing the heat exchange between refrigerant and water to achieve hot water; a hot water supply unit (12) including a hot water supply tank (26) for stocking the hot water achieved by the refrigerant-water heat exchanger (27) of the heat pump unit (11) and supplying the hot water thus stocked; and a water pipe (36) through which the refrigerant-water heat exchanger (27) of the heat pump unit (11) and the hot water supply tank (26) of the hot water supply unit (12) are connected to each other to circulate hot-water/water between the refrigerant-water heat exchanger (27) and said hot water supply tank (26).