Abstract: A crankshaft includes a coupling portion, a first functional portion, and a second functional portion. The coupling portion is coupled to a connecting rod. The first functional portion is provided on an upper portion of the crankshaft protruding from a crankcase. The first functional portion drives a first functional component. The second functional portion is provided on a lower portion of the crankshaft protruding from the crankcase. The second functional portion drives a second functional component. The entire crankshaft has been processed by a first treatment to at least enhance the corrosion resistance thereof. At least a coupling portion of the crankshaft has been processed by a second treatment to at least enhance the strength thereof. Neither of the first functional portion and the second functional portion has been processed by the second treatment.

Abstract: A crankshaft includes a coupling portion, a first functional portion, and a second functional portion. The coupling portion is coupled to a connecting rod. The first functional portion is provided on an upper portion of the crankshaft protruding from a crankcase. The first functional portion drives a first functional component. The second functional portion is provided on a lower portion of the crankshaft protruding from the crankcase. The second functional portion drives a second functional component. The entire crankshaft has been processed by a first treatment to at least enhance the corrosion resistance thereof. At least a coupling portion of the crankshaft has been processed by a second treatment to at least enhance the strength thereof. Neither of the first functional portion and the second functional portion has been processed by the second treatment.

Abstract: A composite thermal transfer sheet is disclosed, having a thermal transfer sheet comprising a substrate film and a heat-fusible ink layer disclosed on surface side thereof, a transfer receiving material, and a temporary adhesive layer capable of peelably bonding the heat-fusible ink layer of the thermal transfer sheet to the transfer-receiving material, wherein the temporary adhesive layer comprises adhesive particles having a low glass transition temperature, wax particles and resin particles having a high glass transition temperature.

Abstract: When a temporary adhesive layer for peelably bonding a transfer-receiving material to a thermal transfer sheet comprising a substrate film and a heat-fusible ink layer disposed on one side thereof is caused to comprise a specific adhesive, an excellent composite thermal transfer material is provided. In such a composite thermal transfer sheet, the thermal transfer sheet is firmly bonded to the transfer-receiving material so as not to cause wrinkles or deviation, both of these members may easily be peeled from each other so that the ink layer is exactly transferred to the paper in a transfer region and it is not transferred thereto at all in a non-transfer region, whereby the transfer-receiving material is not contaminated. An antistatic treatment provides a composite thermal transfer sheet causing no trouble due to charging at the time of or after printing operation.

Abstract: A co-winding type thermal transfer sheet is constituted by forming on one surface side of a substrate film a heat-fusible ink layer comprising a pigment and a particulate binder, and causing a tracing paper to be peelably bonded onto the heat-fusible ink layer by the medium of an adhesive layer. The thus constituted co-winding type thermal transfer sheet is capable of providing an original image which can be reproduced by use of a blueprint process so as to provide blueprint images having a high precision and a high contrast. In addition, a co-winding type thermal transfer sheet may also be constituted by forming a heat-fusible ink layer on one surface side of a substrate film and causing a transparent resin sheet to be peelably bonded onto the heat-fusible ink layer by the medium of an adhesive layer containing a cross-linking agent. The thus constituted co-winding type thermal transfer sheet is capable of providing an image excellent in wear resistance on the transparent resin sheet.

Abstract: A data transmission system in which data read out of a first memory is transmitted to a second memory, includes a data buffer for temporarily storing data to be transmitted from the second memory, an identifying module for identifying a maximum permissible transmission unit defined by a bus/address boundary rule for addresses of the second memory, a deciding module for deciding a transmission unit of data to be transmitted to the second memory based on an amount of data which should be transmitted but has not yet been transmitted and the maximum permissible transmission unit identified by the identifying module, a storing control module for reading data for the transmission unit decided by the deciding module out of the first memory starting from data stored at an identified address of the first memory, in accordance with the bus/address boundary rule for the address of the first memory, and for storing the data in the data buffer, and a transmission control module for transmitting a batch of data stored in t

Abstract: A co-winding type thermal transfer sheet is constituted by forming on one surface side of a substrate film a heat-fusible ink layer comprising a pigment and a particulate binder, and causing a tracing paper to be peelably bonded onto the heat-fusible ink layer by the medium of an adhesive layer. The thus constituted co-winding type thermal transfer sheet is capable of providing an original image which can be reproduced by use of a blueprint process so as to provide blueprint images having a high precision and a high contrast.In addition, a co-winding type thermal transfer sheet may also be constituted by forming a heat-fusible ink layer on one surface side of a substrate film and causing a transparent resin sheet to be peelably bonded onto the heat-fusible ink layer by the medium of an adhesive layer containing a cross-linking agent. The thus constituted co-winding type thermal transfer sheet is capable of providing an image excellent in wear resistance on the transparent resin sheet.

Abstract: A co-winding type thermal transfer sheet is constituted by forming on one surface side of a substrate film a heat-fusible ink layer comprising a pigment and a particulate binder, and causing a tracing paper to be peelably bonded onto the heat-fusible ink layer by the medium of an adhesive layer. The thus constituted co-winding type thermal transfer sheet is capable of providing an original image which can be reproduced by use of a blueprint process so as to provide blueprint images having a high precision and a high contrast.In addition, a co-winding type thermal transfer sheet may also be constituted by forming a heat-fusible ink layer on one surface side of a substrate film and causing a transparent resin sheet to be peelably bonded onto the heat-fusible ink layer by the medium of an adhesive layer containing a cross-linking agent. The thus constituted co-winding type thermal transfer sheet is capable of providing an image excellent in wear resistance on the transparent resin sheet.

Abstract: When a temporary adhesive layer for peelably bonding a transfer-receiving material to a thermal transfer sheet comprising a substrate film and a heat-fusible ink layer disposed on one side thereof is caused to comprise a specific adhesive, an excellent composite thermal transfer material is provided. In such a composite thermal transfer sheet, the thermal transfer sheet is firmly bonded to the transfer-receiving material so as not to cause wrinkles or deviation, both of these members may easily be peeled from each other so that the ink layer is exactly transferred to the paper in a transfer region and it is not transferred thereto at all in a non-transfer region, whereby the transfer-receiving material is not contaminated. An antistatic treatment provides a composite thermal transfer sheet causing no trouble due to charging at the time of or after printing operation.

Abstract: A channel switching controller is applied to a communication network such as an ISDN. The network has a first information processor, an exchange, and a second information processor. The channel switching controller easily and speedily switches channels from one to another when a communication error occurs in the network. If communication between the first and second information processors fails, the first information processor notifies the exchange that a communication channel, terminal, or line (telephone number) that is presently being used will be switched to another. In response to the notification, the exchange holds the current call. The first information processor resumes communication through the newly selected communication channel, terminal, or line (telephone number), and the exchange releases the call, to continue the communication between the first and second information processors.

Abstract: A co-winding type thermal transfer sheet is constituted by forming on one surface side of a substrate film a heat-fusible ink layer comprising a pigment and a particulate binder, and causing a tracing paper to be peelably bonded onto the heat-fusible ink layer by the medium of an adhesive layer. The thus constituted co-winding type thermal transfer sheet is capable of providing an original image which can be reproduced by use of a blueprint process so as to provide blueprint images having a high precision and a high contrast.In addition, a co-winding type thermal transfer sheet may also be constituted by forming a heat-fusible ink layer on one surface side of a substrate film and causing a transparent resin sheet to be peelably bonded onto the heat-fusible ink layer by the medium of an adhesive layer containing a cross-linking agent. The thus constituted co-winding type thermal transfer sheet is capable of providing an image excellent in wear resistance on the transparent resin sheet.

Abstract: A co-winding type thermal transfer sheet is constituted by forming on one surface side of a substrate film a heat-fusible ink layer comprising a pigment and a particulate binder, and causing a tracing paper to be peelably bonded onto the heat-fusible ink layer by the medium of an adhesive layer. The thus constituted co-winding type thermal transfer sheet is capable of providing an original image which can be reproduced by use of a blueprint process so as to provide blueprint images having a high precision and a high contrast.In addition, a co-winding type thermal transfer sheet may also be constituted by forming a heat-fusible ink layer on one surface side of a substrate film and causing a transparent resin sheet to be peelably bonded onto the heat-fusible ink layer by the medium of an adhesive layer containing a cross-linking agent. The thus constituted co-winding type thermal transfer sheet is capable of providing an image excellent in wear resistance on the transparent resin sheet.

Abstract: A thermal transfer sheet comprising a substratte film, a transferable ink layer formed on one surface side of the substrate film, and a back coating layer formed on the other surface side of the substrate film to be in contact with a thermal head, wherein the transferable ink layer comprises a heat-fusible ink capable of being melted under heating, and the back coating layer comprises a binder predominantly comprising polyparabanic acid.

Abstract: When a temporary adhesive layer for peelably bonding a transfer-receiving material to a thermal transfer sheet comprising a substrate film and a heat-fusible ink layer disposed on one side thereof is caused to comprise a specific adhesive, an excellent composite thermal transfer material is provided. In such a composite thermal transfer sheet, the thermal transfer sheet is firmly bonded to the transfer-receiving material so as not to cause wrinkles or deviation, both of these members may easily be peeled from each other so that the ink layer is exactly transferred to the paper in a transfer region and it is not transferred thereto at all in a non-transfer region, whereby the transfer-receiving material is not contaminated. Further, when at least one end portion of a sheet-type composite thermal transfer sheet is fixed, there is provided a composite thermal transfer sheet wherein unintended peeling is prevented.

Abstract: A thermal transfer sheet comprising a substrate film, a transferable ink layer formed on one surface side of the substrate film, and a back coating layer formed on the other surface side of the substrate film to be in contact with a thermal head, wherein the transferable ink layer comprises a heat-fusible ink capable of being melted under heating, and the back coating layer comprises a binder predominantly comprising polyparabanic acid.

Abstract: A shutter release apparatus in a camera comprises an insulating holding member which holds electroconductive contacts and which can be deformed elastically by depression of a shutter release button, a first electroconductive contact fixed to the insulating holding member, which comprises a plurality of contact members which are positioned in different planes, and a second electroconductive contact formed in a circuit printed board disposed below the holding member, the second electroconductive contact comprising a plurality of contact members which constitute sequentially a plurality of switches in contact with each of the contact members of the first electroconductive contact in the course of depression of the shutter release button with elastic deformation of the holding member.

Abstract: A film winding member and a shutter cocking member are movable as a unit until the shutter is cocked, and then the film winding lever moves by itself. The film winding member is stopped when a film position sensing lever senses a hole in the film indicating the frame position. Means are provided to prevent a shutter release member from being moved until the film has been advanced and the film winding member has been returned to its initial position. The film advancing operation and the shutter cocking operation are accomplished with one stroke of the film winding member.

Abstract: A flash emitter is automatically actuated upon releasing the shutter when the brightness of an object to be photographed is below a predetermined level. Upon the flashwise photographing, the diaphragm aperture is also automatically controlled in accordance with the distance between the camera and the object.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThis invention relates to shutters for photographic cameras with a flash equipment and more particularly it is concerned with a shutter of the type described in which a flash emitter is automatically actuated upon releasing the shutter when the brightness of an object to be photographed is below a predetermined level.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention has as its object the provision of a shutter for photographic cameras with a flash equipment in which a flash emitter is automatically actuated, upon releasing the shutter, when the brightness of an object to be photographed is below a predetermined level.