Abstract: A novel and excellent method for preventing and/or treating diseases related to a cannabinoid type 2 receptor, based on an agonistic action on a cannabinoid type 2 receptor. It was found that a hetero ring derivative mainly having two substituents, for example, a pyrimidine-5-carboxamide derivative having a substituent amino group at the 2-position, exhibits a potent agonistic action on a cannabinoid type 2 receptor, and can be an agent for preventing and/or treating diseases related to a cannabinoid type 2 receptor such as inflammatory diseases, pain, and the like.

Abstract: A 1.55 ?m band dispersion shifted optical fiber is provided which has a low loss and low dispersion slope. A core region “a” is heavily doped with GeO2 . A core region “b” is composed of pure SiO2 glass. A cladding section is arranged around the core region. The cladding section has a lot of holes extending in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber. The holes of the cladding section are not located at random, but have a honeycomb structure composed of regular hexagons which have a side length of ?, and serve as a primitive lattice. The center of the core section has a region having a refractive index higher than that of the periphery of the core section. The core section has the refractive index distribution in which the group velocity dispersion at the operation wavelength of the region becomes the normal dispersion.

Abstract: Provided is a triarylcarboxylic acid derivative, or an isomer, a prodrug, a hydrate, a solvate, a polymorph, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, represented by the following general formula (I): wherein A is an optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl, and B is an optionally substituted monocyclic heteroaryl; and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The triarylcarboxylic acid derivative (I) exhibits potent xanthine oxidase inhibiting action and is therefore useful as a therapeutic agent for preventing or treating hyperuricemia, gout, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy.

Abstract: A pyridazinone derivative compound shown by the following formula (I): wherein R1 is selected from hydrogen, etc.; R2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl, etc.; R3 is hydrogen, etc.; p is 0, 1 or 2; R4 and R5, are each hydrogen, etc.; R6 and R7, are taken together to form a group of the formula: wherein R8 is hydrogen; X is selected from oxygen, etc; R10 is selected from hydrogen, etc.; R11 is selected from hydrogen, etc.; R12 is selected from hydrogen, etc.; R13 is selected from hydrogen, etc.; R14 is selected from hydrogen, etc.; m and n are each 0, 1, or 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which is useful as a medicament.

Abstract: Provided is a triarylcarboxylic acid derivative, or an isomer, a prodrug, a hydrate, a solvate, a polymorph, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, represented by the following general formula (I): wherein A is an optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl, and B is an optionally substituted monocyclic heteroaryl; and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The triarylcarboxylic acid derivative (I) exhibits potent xanthine oxidase inhibiting action and is therefore useful as a therapeutic agent for preventing or treating hyperuricemia, gout, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy.

Abstract: Obtaining the crystal of 4,6-dimethyl-4?-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]nicotinanilide having excellent activity of inhibiting Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel and suppressing IL-2 production to find that the compound includes the presence of two types of polymorphic crystals and that any of the crystals is preferable as a raw material for producing pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound useful as remedies or preventives for IKK2-related inflammatory diseases or autoimmune diseases, or that is, a 2-aminopyrimidine derivative having a 2-hydroxyphenyl group at the 6-position thereof and having a saturated cyclic group that contains one nitrogen atom, such as piperidine, at the 4-position thereof. The pharmaceutical composition of the invention and the compound of the invention have an excellent antiinflammatory effect based on the IKK2-inhibitory effect thereof, and are therefore useful for remedies and preventives for inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases, especially for rheumatoid arthritis.

Abstract: Drugs, in particular, pyrazole derivatives represented by the following general formula (I) which have a calcium release-activated calcium channel inhibitory effect and medicinal compositions, in particular, calcium release-activated calcium channel inhibitors containing the above compounds as the active ingredient, (in the formula, each symbol has the following meaning: D: pyrazolyl which may have 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of -Alk, -lower alkenyl, -lower alkynyl, -halogeno-lower alkyl, -Alk-cycloalkyl, -Alk-O-Alk, -cycloalkyl, —O-Alk, —COOH, —COO-Alk and -Hal, n: 0 or 1, B: phenylene, a nitrogen-containing, divalent, saturated ring group, or a monocyclic, divalent heteroaromatic ring group which may be substituted with Alk, X: —NR1—CR2R3—, —CR2R3—NR1—, —NR1—SO2—, —SO2—NR1— or —CR4?CR5—, and A: benzene ring which may have one or more substituents; mono-, di- or tricyclic fused heteroaryl which may have one or more substituents; cycloalkyl which may have one or more substi

Abstract: Drugs, in particular, pyrazole derivatives represented by the following general formula (I) which have a calcium release-dependent calcium channel inhibitory effect and medicinal compositions, in particular, calcium release-dependent calcium channel inhibitors containing the above compounds as the active ingredient, (in the formula, each symbol has the following meaning: B: phenylene, a nitrogen-containing, divalent, saturated ring group, or a monocyclic, divalent heteroaromatic ring group which may be substituted with Alk, X: —NR1—CR2R3—, —CR2R3—NR1—, —NR1—SO2—, —SO2—NR1— or —CR4?CR5—, and A: benzene ring which may have one or more substituents; mono-, di- or tricyclic fused heteroaryl which may have one or more substituents; cycloalkyl which may have one or more substituents; a nitrogen-containing, saturated ring group which may have one or more substituents; lower alkenyl which may have one or more substituents; lower alkynyl which may have one or more substituents; or Alk which may have one or more s

Abstract: Drugs, in particular, pyrazole derivatives represented by the following general formula (I) which have a calcium release-activated calcium channel inhibitory effect and medicinal compositions, in particular, calcium release-activated calcium channel inhibitors containing the above compounds as the active ingredient, (in the formula, each symbol has the following meaning: D: pyrazolyl which may have 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of -Alk, -lower alkenyl, -lower alkynyl, -halogeno-lower alkyl, -Alk-cycloalkyl, -Alk-O-Alk, -cycloalkyl, —O-Alk, —COOH, —COO-Alk and -Hal, n: 0 or 1, B: phenylene, a nitrogen-containing, divalent, saturated ring group, or a monocyclic, divalent heteroaromatic ring group which may be substituted with Alk, X: —NR1—CR2R3—, —CR2R3—NR1—, —NR1—SO2—, —SO2—NR1— or —CR4?CR5—, and A: benzene ring which may have one or more substituents; mono-, di- or tricyclic fused heteroaryl which may have one or more substituents; cycloalkyl which may have one or more substituen

Abstract: A polarization-maintaining optical fiber and absolutely single-polarization optical fiber are provided which enable long distance transmission maintaining a polarization state of signal light. The polarization-maintaining optical fiber includes a core, photonic crystal cladding, and jacket. The photonic crystal cladding is divided into four segments by broken lines from the center to the periphery. Among a plurality of grating holes in a pair of segments opposed to each other with respect to the core, the diameter of grating holes close to the core is greater than the diameter of grating holes in another pair of segments opposed with each other, and than a grating constant.

Abstract: Obtaining the crystal of 4,6-dimethyl-4?-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]nicotinanilide having excellent activity of inhibiting Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel and suppressing IL-2 production to find that the compound includes the presence of two types of polymorphic crystals and that any of the crystals is preferable as a raw material for producing pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: A single mode photonic crystal fiber including a core with a geometric radius ?, and a cladding surrounding the core, the cladding including a plurality of cylindrical air holes which have a diameter d and are arranged periodically at center-to-center spacings of ?. A design is made such that the center-to-center spacing ? between the air holes is made 1.5 or more times greater than a wavelength ? of propagation light, and a V value given by the following expression is made greater than 2.4 and less than 3.3. At least one of geometric placement of the air holes in the cladding and optical constant distribution of the cladding or core is set less than three-fold rotational symmetry with respect to a central axis of the core. V = 2 ? ?? ? ? ( n core 2 - n eff 2 ) 1 / 2 where neff is an effective refractive index of the cladding, and ncore is a refractive index of the core.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to drugs, in particular, pyrazole derivatives represented by the following general formula (I) which have a calcium release-activated calcium channel inhibitory effect and medicinal compositions, in particular, calcium release-activated calcium channel inhibitors containing the above compounds as the active ingredient, wherein each substituent is defined in the specification. The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing an effective amount of the compound of formula (I) and a pharmaceutically effective carrier. The present invention further relates to methods of treatment of diseases associated with calcium release-activated calcium channels, diseases associated with IL-2 production, and methods of treatment of allergic, inflammatory or auto-immune diseases.

Abstract: Drugs, in particular, pyrazole derivatives represented by the following general formula (I) which have a calcium release-dependent calcium channel inhibitory effect and medicinal compositions, in particular, calcium release-dependent calcium channel inhibitors containing the above compounds as the active ingredient, (in the formula, each symbol has the following meaning: B: phenylene, a nitrogen-containing, divalent, saturated ring group, or a monocyclic, divalent heteroaromatic ring group which may be substituted with Alk, X: —NR1—CR2R3—, —CR2R3—NR1—, —NR1—SO2—, —SO2—NR1— or —CR4?CR5—, and A: benzene ring which may have one or more substituents; mono-, di- or tricyclic fused heteroaryl which may have one or more substituents; cycloalkyl which may have one or more substituents; a nitrogen-containing, saturated ring group which may have one or more substituents; lower alkenyl which may have one or more substituents; lower alkynyl which may have one or more substituents; or Alk which may have one or more s

Abstract: A polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber 10 includes six thin holes 4a and 4b adjacent to a core 1. Among these holes 4a and 4b, a pair of holes 4b at opposite sides of the core 1 have a diameter greater than that of the other four thin holes 4a, and therefore, the polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber 10 has polarization-maintaining ability. An overclad layer 3 exists around the clad layer 2 which includes a large number of thin holes 4a and 4b around the core 1. The overclad layer 3 includes a pair of marking portions 5 at opposite sides of the core 1. The marking portions 5 are holes which can be seen at positions different from the clad layer 2 when the fiber 10 is viewed from a position right above the fiber 10 in the drawing. In this way, the direction of the polarization plane of the polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber 10 is identified.

Abstract: A polarization-maintaining optical fiber and absolutely single-polarization optical fiber are provided which enable long distance transmission maintaining a polarization state of signal light. The polarization-maintaining optical fiber includes a core, photonic crystal cladding, and jacket. The photonic crystal cladding is divided into four segments by broken lines from the center to the periphery. Among a plurality of grating holes in a pair of segments opposed to each other with respect to the core, the diameter of grating holes close to the core is greater than the diameter of grating holes in another pair of segments opposed with each other, and than a grating constant.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a photonic crystal fiber that has a core portion in which a fiber core extends in a lengthwise direction and is formed as a solid or a void, and a porous clad portion provided around the core portion and having numerous pores extending along the core portion. A preform is fabricated by packing numerous capillaries into a cylindrical support pipe such that they are parallel to the central axis of the support pipe and disposing a core rod to serve as the solid core portion at the central axis portion of the support pipe. The preform is drawn to make it small in diameter.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to drugs, in particular, pyrazole derivatives represented by the following general formula (I) which have a calcium release-activated calcium channel inhibitory effect and medicinal compositions, in particular, calcium release-activated calcium channel inhibitors containing the above compounds as the active ingredient, wherein each substituent is defined in the specification. The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition containiing an effective amount of the compound of formula (I) and a pharmaceutically effective carrier. The present invention further relates to methods of treatment of diseases associated with calcium release-activated calcium channels, diseases associated with IL-2 production, and methods of treatment of allergic, inflammatory or auto-immune diseases.

Abstract: Drugs, in particular, pyrazole derivatives represented by the following general formula (I) which have a calcium release-dependent calcium channel inhibitory effect and medicinal compositions, in particular, calcium release-dependent calcium channel inhibitors containing the above compounds as the active ingredient, 1