Abstract: Provided is a water-soluble film for molding a packaging capsule which is capable of enclosing chemical agents especially a detergent, has a robust property that prevents leakage of the detergent through suitable thickness and strength and an easy-processing property that keeps robustness not to make a drawn portion break in mold-processing such as deep drawing, further has a soluble resistance that does not make the chemical agent elute within 30 seconds in water at 20° C. and a complete-solubility property within a short period of time in dish-washing and clothes-washing, also has sufficient solubility and complete-solubility properties for film portions around the perimeter edge pasted with a water-soluble film for a top, and exhibits a strong-sealing property to have a temporal stability.

Abstract: An object is to smoothly obtain, through coating of the surface of a metal roll, a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film that contains a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin and can be used in a water sealing process, and/or to lower the adhesion force of such film on metal seal bar, etc., during heat sealing. As a solution, a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film containing components A to C below is provided: A. a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin; B. a plasticizer; and C. one or more types selected from sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl ether acetate, disodium polyoxyethylene alkyl sulfosuccinate salt, N-alkyl-N-methyl-ß-alanine sodium salt, and sodium alkane-1,2-diol acetate salt.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds represented by the general formula [I] ##STR1## [wherein Ar means an aryl group or a heteroaryl group which may have a substitutive group selected from a group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group and a lower alkoxy group; R.sup.1 means a C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl group which is substitutable with a fluorine atom; R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 mean hydrogen atoms, groups represented by --(A.sup.1).sub.m --NH--B or the like; R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 mean hydrogen atoms, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 aliphatic hydrocarbon groups or the like which are substitutable with a lower alkyl group(s); n means 0 or 1; and X means an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom].Compounds according to the invention, since they not only have potent selective antagonistic activity against muscarinic M.sub.

Abstract: In the production of fluorine-containing 1,4-disubstituted piperidine derivatives by the reaction of a carboxylic acid of formula where Ar represents aryl or heteroaryl and R.sup.10 represents C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl in which up to 4 hydrogen atoms are substituted with fluorine or C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl having 1 to 2 protected or unprotected hydroxyl or oxo groups, or a reactive derivative thereof, with a piperidine derivative of formula [IV] as defined in the specification, especially useful results are obtained using 4-amino-1-(6-aminopyridin-2-ylmethyl)piperidine or a salt thereof, e.g., trihydrochloride, as the piperidine derivative.

Abstract: Novel fluorine-containing 1,4-disubstituted piperidine derivatives, represented by general formula ?I! ##STR1## such as, for example, (2R)-N-?1-(6-aminopyridin-2-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl!-2-?(1R)-3,3-difluoroc yclopentyl!-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetamide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are potent and selective antagonists for muscarinic M.sub.3 receptors with little side effects. The compounds of formula ?I! exhibit excellent oral activity, duration of activity and pharmacolkinetics. They are useful for treatment and prophylaxis of respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases; urinary diseases, such as urinary incontinence; and digestive diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome, and motion sickness.

Abstract: This invention provides novel 1,4-di-substituted piperidine derivatives of the general formula ?I! ##STR1## and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein: Ar represents a phenyl group or a five- or six-membered heteroaromatic group having one or two hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom in which one or two optional hydrogen atoms on the ring may be replaced by substituent groups selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and a lower alkyl group;R.sup.1 represents a cycloalkyl group of 3 to 6 carbon atoms or a cycloalkenyl group of 3 to 6 carbon atoms;R.sup.2 represents a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 5 to 15 carbon atoms; andX represents O or NH.These compounds have selective antagonistic activity against the muscarinic M.sub.3 receptors and can hence be used safely with a minimum of side effects.