Abstract: A gain control method and a gain control device for comparing output power (Wo) of a variable gain amplifier (4) with target power (Wd) and controlling the gain of the variable gain amplifier (4) in accordance with a comparison result, characterized in that plural gain control cycles are executed while changing a control gain difference determined as the difference between a gain which has been already set in the variable gain amplifier (4) and a gain which is newly set. According to the present invention, there can be implemented the gain control device and the gain control method for controlling the gain of the amplifier at high speed, and a receiver (1) and a cellular phone which are provided with the gain control device (4).

Abstract: When a detection value of an intake pressure is normal, an electronically controlled throttle is controlled to attain a target intake pressure, a variable valve mechanism is controlled to attain a target intake air amount, and the control of the variable valve mechanism is corrected based on the detection value of the intake pressure. Contrary to this, when the detection value of the intake pressure is abnormal, the electronically controlled throttle is controlled to attain the target intake air amount, and also, the variable valve mechanism is controlled based on a fixed target opening characteristic.

Abstract: When it is detected that any one of a plurality of variable valve characteristic mechanisms disposed for every cylinder groups is failed, an effective opening degree (valve lift amount, valve operating angle or the like) in a valve characteristic in the failed state, is obtained. When the effective opening degree is judged to be a predetermined value or above, the valve characteristic of the normal variable valve characteristic mechanism is controlled to be coincident with the valve characteristic in the failed state. When the effective opening degree is judged to be less than the predetermined value, there is performed a control for limiting the control to coincide the valve characteristic of the normal variable valve characteristic mechanism with the valve characteristic in the failed state.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine provided with a variable valve mechanism that varies a lift amount of an intake valve, when a target lift amount of the intake valve is a predetermined value or less, the target lift amount of the intake valve is limited to the predetermined value or above when the combustion variation reaches an allowable value or above.

Abstract: A controlled variable and a target in each of a variable valve event and lift control apparatus and a variable valve timing control apparatus are input, to calculate target opening timing of an intake valve corresponding to the target and also to calculate actual opening timing of the intake valve corresponding to the controlled variable, to correct ignition timing based on a deviation between the target opening timing and the actual opening timing.

Abstract: In a constitution where, when a cam sensor is failed, a present value of cylinder discrimination value is estimated from a previous value to continue a control for each cylinder, if an engine is rotated in reverse at an engine stop and also fuel is burned during the reverse rotation, the control for each cylinder based on the cylinder discrimination value estimated based on the previous value is prohibited.

Abstract: A controller that outputs control signals to an actuator of a variable valve timing mechanism is integrally equipped with a cam sensor that takes out from a camshaft signals for discriminating a cylinder corresponding to a reference piston position. The controller discriminates the cylinder corresponding to the reference piston position, computes a rotation phase of the camshaft relative to a crankshaft, and transmits the result of the cylinder discrimination process to an engine controller.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine provided with a variable valve mechanism that varies at least a valve operating characteristic (valve lift amount, valve operating angle and the like) of an intake valve, a target volume flow ratio equivalent to a target torque of the engine is obtained to be converted into a valve opening area, and a target valve operating characteristic of the variable valve mechanism is set based on the converted valve opening area, to control the variable valve mechanism so that an actual valve operating characteristic reaches a target valve operating angle, thereby executing with high accuracy an intake air amount control mainly by the variable valve mechanism.

Abstract: When it is detected that any one of a plurality of variable valve characteristic mechanisms disposed for every cylinder groups is failed, an effective opening degree (valve lift amount, valve operating angle or the like) in a valve characteristic in the failed state, is obtained. When the effective opening degree is judged to be a predetermined value or above, the valve characteristic of the normal variable valve characteristic mechanism is controlled to be coincident with the valve characteristic in the failed state. When the effective opening degree is judged to be less than the predetermined value, there is performed a control for limiting the control to coincide the valve characteristic of the normal variable valve characteristic mechanism with the valve characteristic in the failed state.

Abstract: In a mobile phone according to the invention, a sum of a power control amount (&Dgr;P) instructed by a base station and a sending power (Px) detected by a sending power detecting portion (15) obtained to calculate a sending power (Px′) for a next slot (S1-S3), it is determined whether the sending power (Px′) is equal to or lower than a maximum sending power (Pmax) or not (S4), a power control is performed in accordance with an instruction of the base station when a relationship of (Px′≦Pmax) is present (S5), a value X satisfying (Px′−X≦Pmax) is calculated when the relationship of (Px′≦Pmax) is not present (S6), and the sending power is changed by (&Dgr;P−X) (S7).

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine provided with a variable valve mechanism that varies a lift amount of an intake valve, when a target lift amount of the intake valve is a predetermined value or less, the target lift amount of the intake valve is limited to the predetermined value or above when the combustion variation reaches an allowable value or above.

Abstract: A first semiconductor layer is formed on a mother substrate, and the mother substrate is irradiated with irradiation light from a surface opposite to the first semiconductor layer, so that a thermally decomposed layer formed by thermally decomposing the first semiconductor layer between the first semiconductor layer and the mother substrate. Then, a second semiconductor layer including an active layer is formed on the first semiconductor layer in which the thermally decomposed layer is formed.

Abstract: In a constitution to control a valve lift amount of an intake valve to achieve a target intake air amount, a target valve overlap amount is calculated based on an engine load and an engine rotation speed, and target valve timing is calculated based on a target valve lift amount and the target valve overlap amount, so that the valve overlap amount is maintained at a requested value corresponding to operating conditions.

Abstract: A height-sizing portion picks up postal items of non-standard sizes, and a stamp side-detecting portion determines on which side of each of the postal items a stamp is affixed. Based on information determined by the stamp side-detecting portion, a sorting portion sorts the postal items using a paddle. The paddle has guide members for adjusting the ranges of the postal items when sorted. A raising portion having multiple elastic rollers with different mounting angles varying from tilted to erect aligns the postal items so that the stamp sides face the same direction. The faced postal items are cancelled with a postmark on an ink-jet printer.

Abstract: An engine temperature and an engine start are detected, and if a lower temperature engine start of a predetermined temperature or lower is detected, while controlling the closing timing of an intake valve to the vicinity of the intake bottom dead center with respect to a reference valve operation characteristics to be normally set, valve overlapped amount is controlled to be equal to or less than a valve overlap amount in said reference valve operation characteristics.

Abstract: The reference valve timing for an intake valve and an exhaust valve are set based on operating conditions such as an engine load, an engine rotation speed and the like. A cold state of the engine is detected, and when an air-fuel ratio is set to lean during the cold state, the valve timing of the intake and exhaust valves are controlled so that the opening timing of the exhaust valve is retarded with respect to the reference valve timing while reducing a valve overlap amount.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine provided with a variable valve mechanism that variably controls at least an operating characteristic (valve lift amount and the like) of an intake valve, a valve opening area AWm at a valve overlap time is calculated based on a valve lift amount (VCS-ANGL) and opening timing IVO of the intake valve, and a spit-back gas amount Wm at the valve overlap time is calculated based on the valve opening area AWm. On the other hand, a volume flow ratio (basic actual engine volume flow ratio) RQH0VEL1 in the intake valve, equivalent to an actual intake air amount of the engine, is calculated based on the valve lift amount and closing timing of the intake valve, and a basic residual gas amount Wcyl is calculated based on the basic actual engine volume flow ratio RQH0VEL1. Then, a resultant obtained by adding the spit-back gas amount Wm and the basic residual gas amount Wcyl, is set as a total residual gas amount of the engine.

Abstract: In a constitution where, when a cam sensor is failed, a present value of cylinder discrimination value is estimated from a previous value to continue a control for each cylinder, if an engine is rotated in reverse at an engine stop and also fuel is burned during the reverse rotation, the control for each cylinder based on the cylinder discrimination value estimated based on the previous value is prohibited.

Abstract: In code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile communications system in handing-over allowing wireless mobile station to be connected to a plurality of base stations simultaneously the mobile station uses transmission power control (TPC) information received from each base station to control transmission power and when the information is not reliable (SP1) a link's quality (a signal to interference ratio (SIR)) is compared with a threshold and until the quality exceeds the threshold and the information recovers in reliability the transmission power is controlled to have a fixed level to present the transmission power from attaining maximal transmission power (SP2).

Abstract: In an engine equipped with a variable valve timing mechanism that variably controls the valve timing successively, when variably controlling the valve timing, a transient correction amount of fuel supplied to the engine is corrected based on the detection value of the valve overlap amount of the intake/exhaust valves.