Abstract: A parallel link robot includes a movable portion, a base, a plurality of drive sources, a plurality of links, and a tension member. The plurality of drive sources is attached to the base. The plurality of links is respectively connected to the plurality of drive sources. The tension member is connected between the movable portion and at least one of the plurality of links such that a bending tension is generated.

Abstract: A lens apparatus includes two different optical systems. Each of the two optical systems includes a front lens unit having negative refractive power, an intermediate lens unit, and a rear lens unit disposed in this order from an object side to an image plane side. Each of the intermediate lens units in the two optical systems includes a first reflecting member for bending an optical path at a position adjacent to the front lens unit, and a second reflecting member for bending the optical path at a position adjacent to the rear lens unit. The following conditional expression is satisfied: 0.05<Dout/Din<0.50, where Din is a distance between surface vertexes of lenses closest to an object in the two optical systems, and Dout is a distance between surface vertexes of lenses closest to an image plane in the two optical systems.

Abstract: An observation optical system according to the present invention includes a Fresnel lens and a lens LP with a positive refractive power provided on a light incident side or a light emitting side of the Fresnel lens. A length in a direction of an optical axis from a surface vertex of a central annular section of the Fresnel lens to an end portion of the central annular section is defined as h0, and a length in the direction of the optical axis of a grating wall surface of a first annular section adjacent to the central annular section is defined as h1. The lengths h1 and h0 are set to appropriate values, respectively.

Abstract: [Solving Means] A parallel link robot includes a movable portion, a base, a plurality of drive sources, a plurality of links, and a tension member. The plurality of drive sources are attached to the base. The plurality of links are respectively connected to the plurality of drive sources. The tension member is connected between the movable portion and at least one of the plurality of links such that a bending tension is generated.

Abstract: Provided is an observation optical system used for observing an image displayed on an image display surface. The observation optical system includes, in order from an observation surface side to the image display surface side, a first lens having a positive refractive power, and a second lens having a positive refractive power. The first lens is a Fresnel lens, and a focal length f1 of the first lens and a focal length f2 of the second lens are each appropriately set.

Abstract: In order to obtain an observation optical system which has high optical performance while having a wide field of view, and can easily reduce variation of aberration at the time when an eye relief has changed, the present invention provides an observation optical system which is used for an observer to observe an image displayed on an image display surface, and includes in order from an observation side to an image displaying surface side: a first lens having a positive refractive power; a second lens having a negative refractive power; and a third lens having a positive refractive power, wherein a focal length f1 of the first lens, a focal length f2 of the second lens and a focal length f3 of the third lens are each appropriately set so as to satisfy the conditional expression of: 0.40 < f ? ? 1 - f ? ? 2 × f ? ? 3 < 0.80 .

Abstract: In order to obtain an observation optical system which has high optical performance while having a wide field of view, and can easily reduce variation of aberration at the time when an eye relief has changed, the present invention provides an observation optical system which is used for an observer to observe an image displayed on an image display surface, and includes in order from an observation side to an image displaying surface side: a first lens having a positive refractive power; a second lens having a negative refractive power; and a third lens having a positive refractive power, wherein a focal length f1 of the first lens, a focal length f2 of the second lens and a focal length f3 of the third lens are each appropriately set so as to satisfy the conditional expression of: 0.40 < f ? ? 1 - f ? ? 2 × f ? ? 3 < 0.80 .

Abstract: The image processing method includes acquiring an input image produced by an image pickup system including at least one imaging optical system and causing light rays from a same point in an object space to respectively enter different image pickup pixels depending on light ray passing areas of a pupil through which the respective light rays pass, performing a shaping process including at least one of an image restoration process to restore a degraded image and a luminance estimation process to estimate a luminance of a saturated area, a reconstruction process to reconstruct a new image different from the input image, and performing a blur addition process to add an image blur component to an addition target image. The method performs the shaping process before the reconstruction process and the blur addition process.

Abstract: A non-transitory computer-readable medium for storing an image processing program configured to enable a computer to execute a shaping step of shaping an input image generated through capturing via an optical system by using a characteristic of the optical system and an image-pickup condition, a blurring step of blurring an image shaped in the shaping step, and a dividing step of dividing the input image into a plurality or layered images according to an object distance. The computer executes the shaping step based upon distance information of an object contained in each layered image.

Abstract: A zoom lens consists of, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens unit having negative refractive power, a second lens unit having positive refractive power, and a third lens unit having negative refractive power. The first lens unit and the second lens unit move during zooming to make a distance between the first lens unit and the second lens unit larger at a telephoto end than at a wide-angle end. The third lens unit consists of, in order from the object side to the image side, a first lens subunit having positive refractive power and a second lens subunit having negative refractive power, and the second lens subunit moves toward the image side during focusing from an infinite-distance object to a near-distance object.

Abstract: The main object of the invention is to provide an electromagnetic wave resonator making use of surface waves: an electromagnetic wave resonator structure capable of being achieved with existing technologies yet without much difficulty and applying voltage to a positive dielectric area, thereby overcoming a variety of problems arising from the fact that only thermal excitation is available. The contact structure of negative dielectric/positive dielectric/negative dielectric necessary for this type of electromagnetic wave resonator is provided on the surface of the negative dielectric material 1 just as the coaxial structure of the positive dielectric thin film 3 extending in the Y-axis direction and the negative dielectric material 2 received therein is cut in the axial direction.

Abstract: A non-transitory computer-readable medium for storing an image processing program configured to enable a computer to execute a shaping step of shaping an input image generated through capturing via an optical system by using a characteristic of the optical system and an image-pickup condition, a blurring step of blurring an image shaped in the shaping step, and a dividing step of dividing the input image into a plurality or layered images according to an object distance. The computer executes the shaping step based upon distance information of an object contained in each layered image.

Abstract: The image processing method includes acquiring an input image produced by an image pickup system including at least one imaging optical system and causing light rays from a same point in an object space to respectively enter different image pickup pixels depending on light ray passing areas of a pupil through which the respective light rays pass, performing a shaping process including at least one of an image restoration process to restore a degraded image and a luminance estimation process to estimate a luminance of a saturated area, a reconstruction process to reconstruct a new image different from the input image, and performing a blur addition process to add an image blur component to an addition target image. The method performs the shaping process before the reconstruction process and the blur addition process.

Abstract: A zoom lens consists of, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens unit having negative refractive power, a second lens unit having positive refractive power, and a third lens unit having negative refractive power. The first lens unit and the second lens unit move during zooming to make a distance between the first lens unit and the second lens unit larger at a telephoto end than at a wide-angle end. The third lens unit consists of, in order from the object side to the image side, a first lens subunit having positive refractive power and a second lens subunit having negative refractive power, and the second lens subunit moves toward the image side during focusing from an infinite-distance object to a near-distance object.

Abstract: The main object of the invention is to provide an electromagnetic wave resonator making use of surface waves: an electromagnetic wave resonator structure capable of being achieved with existing technologies yet without much difficulty and applying voltage to a positive dielectric area, thereby overcoming a variety of problems arising from the fact that only thermal excitation is available. The contact structure of negative dielectric/positive dielectric/negative dielectric necessary for this type of electromagnetic wave resonator is provided on the surface of the negative dielectric material 1 just as the coaxial structure of the positive dielectric thin film 3 extending in the Y-axis direction and the negative dielectric material 2 received therein is cut in the axial direction.

Abstract: An autofocus control method, an autofocus control apparatus and an image processing apparatus all of which can realize stable autofocus control operation by eliminating influences due to optical systems. In calculation of a focus evaluated value of each of sample images respectively acquired at a plurality of focused positions, each of the acquired sample image is subjected to smoothing to reduce a grayscale pattern of brightness due to an optical system, and the focus evaluated value is calculated on the basis of the smoothed sample image. In addition, the focus evaluated value is standardized with the screen average luminance of the sample image, thereby effecting optimization of the evaluated value.