Abstract: A controller of an image forming apparatus controls a transfer voltage applying portion so that a voltage is not applied to a transfer member or a voltage of an opposite polarity to a normal charge polarity of toner is applied to the transfer member, in a first period including at least a period, after rotation of a photosensitive member and a developing member, from first arrival of a first region at a transfer portion to first arrival of a second region at the transfer portion, and so that at least a first voltage of the same polarity as the normal charge polarity and a second voltage of the same polarity as the first voltage and larger in absolute value than the first voltage are applied to the transfer member in a second period after the first period and before a toner image reaches the transfer portion.

Abstract: Manufacturing equipment for a light-emitting device with which steps from formation to sealing of a light-emitting element can be successively performed is provided. With the manufacturing equipment for a light-emitting device, a deposition step, a lithography step, and an etching step for forming an organic EL element and a sealing step by formation of a protective layer can be successively performed. Accordingly, a downscaled organic EL element with high luminance and high reliability can be formed. Moreover, the manufacturing equipment can have an in-line system where apparatuses are arranged in the order of process steps for the light-emitting device, resulting in high throughput manufacturing.

Abstract: A display device with high display quality is provided. A highly reliable display device is provided. A display device with low power consumption is provided. A display device that can easily achieve higher resolution is provided. A display device with both high display quality and high resolution is provided. A display device with high contrast is provided. The display device includes a first conductive layer, a first insulating layer over the first conductive layer, a second conductive layer including a first region over the first insulating layer and a second region in an opening provided in the first insulating layer, a second insulating layer over the first insulating layer, a third insulating layer over the second region, an EL layer including a third region over the first region, a fourth region over the second insulating layer, and a fifth region over the third insulating layer, and a third conductive layer over the EL layer.

Abstract: A novel display panel that is highly convenient or reliable is provided. The display panel includes a first region and a second region. The second region is provided with a first component, and the second region can be bent with the first component facing outward. The first component includes a first elastic body and a second elastic body. The second elastic body includes an end portion part or the whole of which is covered with the first elastic body. The second elastic body has a higher elastic modulus than the first elastic body.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive drum and an exposure unit for exposing a surface of the photosensitive drum to form an image by a first exposure amount. In a rotational axis direction of a charging portion, a width of a transfer portion is shorter than that of a developing portion, a width of the transfer portion is shorter than that of the charging portion and an end portion of the surface includes a non-transfer area in contact with the charging portion and in no contact with the transfer portion. The voltage having the normal polarity is applied to the transfer portion when no recording material exists at the transfer portion, and the exposure unit exposes an area, including the non-transfer area of the surface passed through the transfer portion during application of the voltage, by a second exposure amount smaller than the first exposure amount.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive drum, a charging member, an exposure unit, a developing member, and a transfer member. In a rotational axis direction of the charging member, a width of a transfer portion of the transfer member is shorter than that of a charging portion of the charging member, and an end of the surface of the photosensitive drum in the axis direction includes a non-transfer area in contact with the charging member and in no contact with the transfer member. The exposure unit exposes the non-transfer area during rotation of the photosensitive drum, and forms a surface potential on the surface downstream of an exposing portion and upstream of the transfer portion in a rotational direction. A controller controls such that an absolute value of the surface potential of the non-transfer area is smaller than that of the transfer outside paper passing area.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a control unit configured to, in executing a job to form images continuously on a plurality of sheets of a recording material, accumulate an addition amount per sheet to an index in accordance with a number of sheets of the recording material to which images are formed in the job. A value of the addition amount per sheet is determined in correspondence with an attribute of the recording material used in the job. The control unit is configured to, during execution of the job, change a throughput of the job so that images are formed at a first throughput if an accumulated value of the index still does not exceed a predetermined threshold value and images are formed at a second throughput slower than the first throughput if the accumulated value of the index has exceeded the threshold value.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming unit configured to form a toner image on a recording material, a fixing unit configured to fix the toner image formed on the recording material by the image forming unit to the recording material, and a controller configured to cause the image forming unit to form an image on a basis of image information, the controller being configured to cause the image forming unit to form the image in which a first toner image and a second toner image is superimposed on each other on the recording material, the first toner image being a toner image corresponding to the image information, the second toner image being constituted by a pattern having anisotropy such that glossiness of the image changes depending on a direction in which the image is viewed.

Abstract: Method of controlling cooling water temperature of an engine in which the lower limit value of engine rotation speed is set according to outside air temperature and vehicle speed. When the vehicle starts traveling, a temperature raising-state lower limit rotation speed is set to raise the cooling water temperature to a third threshold value. After the cooling water temperature is raised to the third threshold value, the lower limit value is not set. If the cooling water temperature drops to a second threshold value, a maintaining-state lower limit rotation speed lower than the temperature raising-state lower limit rotation speed is set to raise the cooling water temperature. If the cooling water temperature does not rise but drops to a first threshold value, a temperature re-raising-state lower limit rotation speed lower than the temperature raising-state lower limit rotation speed and higher than the maintaining-state lower limit rotation speed is set.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a control unit configured to, in executing a job to form images continuously on a plurality of sheets of a recording material, accumulate an addition amount per sheet to an index in accordance with a number of sheets of the recording material to which images are formed in the job. A value of the addition amount per sheet is determined in correspondence with an attribute of the recording material used in the job. The control unit is configured to, during execution of the job, change a throughput of the job so that images are formed at a first throughput if an accumulated value of the index still does not exceed a predetermined threshold value and images are formed at a second throughput slower than the first throughput if the accumulated value of the index has exceeded the threshold value.

Abstract: In a fixing device of the present invention, first and second movable members are each urged toward a flexible member so that the contact between contact surfaces of the first and second movable members and end faces of the flexible member are each maintained.

Abstract: Method of controlling cooling water temperature of an engine in which the lower limit value of engine rotation speed is set according to outside air temperature and vehicle speed. When the vehicle starts traveling, a temperature raising-state lower limit rotation speed is set to raise the cooling water temperature to a third threshold value. After the cooling water temperature is raised to the third threshold value, the lower limit value is not set. If the cooling water temperature drops to a second threshold value, a maintaining-state lower limit rotation speed lower than the temperature raising-state lower limit rotation speed is set to raise the cooling water temperature. If the cooling water temperature does not rise but drops to a first threshold value, a temperature re-raising-state lower limit rotation speed lower than the temperature raising-state lower limit rotation speed and higher than the maintaining-state lower limit rotation speed is set.

Abstract: In a fixing device of the present invention, first and second movable members are each urged toward a flexible member so that the contact between contact surfaces of the first and second movable members and end faces of the flexible member are each maintained.

Abstract: In a warm-up period of a fixing apparatus of the present disclosure, a control unit supplies first electric power to a heater and thereafter supplies second electric power larger than the first electric power to the heater. The timing of starting to supply the second electric power is determined according to the degree of an increase in temperature sensed by a temperature sensing member after a driving signal is transmitted to a driving source.

Abstract: In a fixing device of the present invention, first and second movable members are each urged toward a flexible member so that the contact between contact surfaces of the first and second movable members and end faces of the flexible member are each maintained.

Abstract: A cylindrical fixing member for use with a fixing device includes a heat generating layer and an electrode layer contacting the heat generating layer. The electrode layer is smaller in volume resistance value than the heat generating layer. The electrode layer is formed in a helical shape so that a helical axis thereof extends in a direction along a generatrix direction of the fixing member. One end and the other end of the electrode layer are electrically open.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming unit, a fixing unit including a tubular film and an opposed member to form a first nip, a conveying unit including a second nip, the pressure variable mechanism changing a pressure of the second nip, a control unit controlling the pressure variable mechanism, and an acquisition unit acquiring information about a length of the recording material. The control unit controls the pressure variable mechanism according to the information so that the recording material is conveyed by the second nip set to a first pressure when the length of the recording material is less than a predetermined length, and the recording material is conveyed by the second nip set to a second pressure lower than the first pressure when the length of the recording material is equal to or greater than the predetermined length.

Abstract: In a warm-up period of a fixing apparatus of the present disclosure, a control unit supplies first electric power to a heater and thereafter supplies second electric power larger than the first electric power to the heater. The timing of starting to supply the second electric power is determined according to the degree of an increase in temperature sensed by a temperature sensing member after a driving signal is transmitted to a driving source.

Abstract: In a fixing device of the present invention, first and second movable members are each urged toward a flexible member so that the contact between contact surfaces of the first and second movable members and end faces of the flexible member are each maintained.

Abstract: A cylindrical fixing member for use with a fixing device includes a heat generating layer and an electrode layer contacting the heat generating layer. The electrode layer is smaller in volume resistance value than the heat generating layer. The electrode layer is formed in a helical shape so that a helical axis thereof extends in a direction along a generatrix direction of the fixing member. One end and the other end of the electrode layer are electrically open.