Abstract: A resistance change device of an embodiment includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and containing a resistance change material. In the resistance change device of the embodiment, the resistance change material contains: a first element including Sb and Te; a second element including at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ge and In; a third element including at least one element selected from the group consisting of Si, N, B, C, Al, and Ti; and a fourth element including at least one element selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, La, Gd, Zr, and Hf.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus includes a chamber, a plurality of devices, and a controller. The chamber is subjected to substrate processing. The plurality of devices execute operations related to substrate processing. The controller controls the operations of the plurality of devices. Further, the controller determines whether or not an error has occurred during performing the substrate processing in a chamber, and causes the plurality of devices to automatically execute a recovery operation corresponding to the content of the error that has occurred when the controller determines that the error has occurred and has suspended the substrate processing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solubilizing agent that can give solubility or dispersibility in resins to copper-containing phosphorus compounds, and a composition containing the solubilizing agent. The solubilizing agent of the invention comprises a compound represented by the following general formula (100) having a main chain with an oxyalkylene unit. [wherein R111 represents hydrogen or a b-valent organic group, R112 represents C2-4 alkylene, R113 represents hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or acyl, a represents an integer of 1-50 and b represents an integer of 1-4.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solubilizing agent that can give solubility or dispersibility in resins to copper-containing phosphorus compounds, and a composition containing the solubilizing agent. The solubilizing agent of the invention comprises a compound represented by the following general formula (100) having a main chain with an oxyalkylene unit. [wherein R111 represents hydrogen or a b-valent organic group, R112 represents C2-4 alkylene, R113 represents hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or acyl, a represents an integer of 1-50 and b represents an integer of 1-4.

Abstract: An infrared-absorbing composition comprising a phosphoric acid ester compound including a phosphoric acid monoester represented by formula (1) below and a phosphoric acid diester represented by formula (2) below, and copper ion, wherein the ratio of the phosphoric acid monoester and the phosphoric acid diester is 30:70 to 74:26 as the molar ratio. wherein R1 and R2 each independently represent an ester bond-containing C4-18 group, a C4-18 alkyl group, a C4-18 alkenyl group or a C4-18 alkynyl group, with the proviso that the multiple R2 groups may be the same or different.

Abstract: A near infrared absorptive composition of the present invention contains phosphate compounds represented by Formula (8)-c and Formula (8)-d below; and copper ions. An optical material of the present invention is a material wherein the near infrared absorptive composition is mixed in a resin.

Abstract: A building material is formed from a specific composition containing a phosphoric ester compound represented by the following formulae (8)-c and (8)-d and copper ions, in a resin plate.

Abstract: The optical filter of the present invention is provided with a near infrared light absorption layer that contains a component composed of copper ions and a phosphoric ester compound expressed by the following Formula (10), in which the phosphorus atom content in the near infrared light absorption layer is 0.4 to 1.3 mol per mole of copper ions, and the copper ion content in the near infrared light absorption layer is 2 to 60 wt %.

Abstract: A building material is formed from a specific composition containing a phosphoric ester compound represented by the following formulae (8)-c and (8)-d and copper ions, in a resin plate.

Abstract: A near infrared absorptive composition of the present invention contains phosphate compounds represented by Formula (8)-c and Formula (8)-d below; 1

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a novel phosphate compound by which a copper ion can be dispersed in a high proportion in a synthetic resin, thereby providing excellent visible ray-transmitting property and performance that near infrared rays are absorbed with high efficiency, a preparation process thereof, a phosphate copper compound obtained from the phosphate compound and a preparation process thereof, and a near infrared ray-absorbing acrylic resin composition which has both excellent visible ray-transmitting property and near infrared rays absorption capability.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a novel phosphate compound by which a copper ion can be dispersed in a high proportion in a synthetic resin, thereby providing a resin composition which has excellent visible ray-transmitting property and performance that near infrared rays are absorbed with high efficiency, and is little in the deterioration of its near infrared ray-absorbing ability by ultraviolet rays, and a preparation process thereof, a phosphate copper compound obtained from the phosphate compound and a preparation process thereof, and a near infrared ray-absorbing acrylic resin composition which has excellent visible ray-transmitting property and performance that near infrared rays are absorbed with high efficiency and is little in the deterioration of its near infrared ray-absorbing ability by ultraviolet rays.

Abstract: An absorber of rays outside the visible region. The absorber includes a base made of a transparent synthetic resin with electroconductive anhydrous zinc antimonate incorporated therein; or a base made of a transparent synthetic resin with a layer formed of a synthetic resin and electroconductive anhydrous zinc antimonate incorporated therein, for absorbing rays outside the visible region, being disposed on a surface of the base; or wherein the layer is formed by depositing electron conductive anhydrous zinc antimonate powder on a surface of the base made of a transparent synthetic resin. The electroconductive anhydrous zinc antimonate can be a powder having a molar ratio of ZnO to Sb2O5 of 0.8 to 1.2 and a primary particle size of 5 to 200 nm. The light transmittances of the absorber are high in the visible region and low in both the ultraviolet and infrared wavelength regions.

Abstract: A polymeric optical low-pass filter of the birefringent type is provided which is lightweight and small, and which can be easily produced. Also provided are a polymeric optical low-pass filter device including the polymeric optical low-pass filter; and a composite optical filter including the polymeric optical low-pass filter. The optical low-pass filter comprises an optically anisotropic polymer film in which the displacement distance S between the ordinary ray and the extraordinary ray represented by the following formula is 1-70 .mu.m:S={(b.sup.2 -a.sup.2)/2c.sup.2 }.multidot.sin 2.phi.e,wherein a=1/n.sub.e, b=1/n.sub.0, c.sup.2 =a.sup.2 sin.sup.2 .phi.+b.sup.2 cos.sup.2 .phi., n.sub.e is the extraordinary-ray refractive index, n.sub.0 is the ordinary-ray refractive index, .phi. is the angle formed between the normal at the plane of incidence of light from a subject and the optic axis of the polymer film, and e is the thickness of the polymer film.

Abstract: A component optical filter and a process for production of the filter includes the steps of arranging a pair of transparent plates, at least one of which has an optical low-pass filtering function, to oppose each other with a gap therebetween and filling the gap with a monomer composition of the formula PO(OH).sub.n R.sub.3 -n wherein R is a polymerizable functional group represented by CH.sub.2 .dbd.CXCOO(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.m- and (c) a metallic compound composed of a copper compound, and then subjecting the monomer composition to a polymerization treatment. The result is a laminated composite filter having at least one optical low-pass filter and an intermediate layer forming a luminosity factor-compensating filter.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a plastic optical material, which has excellent glare-proofness and transparency and is low in the degree of coloring.The plastic optical material of the invention comprises a polymer containing a phosphate group and a trivalent neodymium ion therein, wherein the polymer further contains at least one metal ion selected from the group consisting of a trivalent praseodymium ion and a trivalent holmium ion.The phosphate group may preferably be chemically bonded to a molecular structure constituting the polymer. In particularly, the polymer may preferably be a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing a monomer represented by the following formula I:PO(OH).sub.n R.sub.3-nwherein R means a polymerizable functional group represented by the formula: ##STR1## in which X denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and m is an integer of 0-5, and n is 1 or 2, and at least one monomer copolymerizable therewith.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an infrared-blocking optical filter having optical properties that the transmittance to rays in a visible region is excellent while rays in a near infrared region, particularly, in a wavelength range longer than 1200 nm are cut off or attenuated with high efficiency. The infrared-blocking optical filter includes a transparent substrate and either of the following infrared-blocking film (A) and (B) provided on a surface of the transparent substrate. Film (A): an infrared-blocking film formed on a synthetic resin in which fine powder of metal oxide material composed of indium oxide and/or tin oxide is dispersed; and Film (B): an infrared-blocking film formed of a deposit of a metal oxide material composed of indium oxide and/or tin oxide. The infrared-blocking film may be formed on a transparent support member to constitute an infrared-blocking composite film which is provided on a surface of the transparent substrate to form an infrared-blocking optical filter.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are plastic optical materials having properties that rays in a specific visible range are absorbed, being low in specific gravity and easy to conduct processing or machining, and having excellent glare-proofness. One of the plastic optical material comprises an acrylic polymer containing a specific phosphate group represented by the formula PO(OH).sub.n -- (n being 1 or 2) of 0.5-60%, and a metal ion component comprising a neodymium ion of 0.04-10 parts based on 100 parts of the acrylic polymer, and has properties that rays in a wavelength range about 580 nm are absorbed. Another plastic optical material comprises 100 parts of the same acrylic polymer, and 0.1-12 parts of a metal ion component composed of a manganese ion in a predominant amount and a neodymium ion, and has properties that rays in wavelength ranges of 400-500 nm and 555-605 nm are absorbed with high efficiency.This plastic optical material is particularly suitable for use in plastic lenses for sunglasses.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a plastic optical filter which has a combined optical function that it has an effect of effectively blocking or attenuating rays in the wavelength range of a near infrared region and excellent luminosity factor-compensating ability and is provided with an optical low-pass filtering function, and is low in specific gravity and hygroscopicity, free from devitrification with time and easy to conduct its processing or machining and polishing treatment.This plastic optical filter includes a filter base formed of a plastic material comprising a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing a monomer represented by the following formula I:PO(OH).sub.n R.sub.3-n Iwherein R means a polymerizable functional group represented by the following formula II:CH.sub.2 .dbd.CXCOO(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an optical filter comprising: a resin material obtained by copolymerizing a monomer represented by the following formula (I) and a monomer copolymerizable therewith; and a metallic compound mainly composed of a copper compound;PO(OH).sub.n R.sub.3-n (I)wherein R represents ##STR1## (wherein X represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and m is an integer of 0 to 5), and n is 1 or 2.