Abstract: A method for producing a carbamic acid salt, including contacting a carbon dioxide-containing mixed gas having a partial pressure of carbon dioxide of 0.001 atm or more and less than 1 atm with an amino group-containing organic compound in the presence of a base in at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of an organic solvent having 2 or more and 8 or less carbon atoms, and a method for producing a carbamic acid ester or a urea derivative using the carbamic acid salt.

Abstract: A method for producing a semiconductor laser element includes providing a semiconductor wafer comprising: a nitride semiconductor substrate, and a semiconductor stack located on the substrate, the semiconductor stack including a plurality of nitride semiconductor layers; forming in the substrate a fissure starting point and a fissure extending from the fissure starting point; forming a cleavage reference portion extending parallel to a cleavage plane of the semiconductor wafer as estimated from a plan view shape of the fissure; and cleaving the semiconductor wafer parallel to the cleavage reference portion to thereby obtain resonator end faces.

Abstract: A method for producing a semiconductor laser element includes providing a semiconductor wafer comprising: a nitride semiconductor substrate, and a semiconductor stack located on the substrate, the semiconductor stack including a plurality of nitride semiconductor layers; forming in the substrate a fissure starting point and a fissure extending from the fissure starting point; forming a cleavage reference portion extending parallel to a cleavage plane of the semiconductor wafer as estimated from a plan view shape of the fissure; and cleaving the semiconductor wafer parallel to the cleavage reference portion to thereby obtain resonator end faces.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor laser element including: preparing a wafer; forming first grooves on at least one of an upper surface and a lower surface of the wafer, each of the first grooves being spaced apart from the optical waveguide formed in the wafer and extending in a direction intersecting the optical waveguide in a plan view; forming second grooves on the one of the upper surface and the lower surface of the wafer, each of the second grooves extending in a direction intersecting a straight line extended from each of the first grooves, and each of the second grooves having a smooth surface compared with the first grooves; dividing the wafer along the first grooves to obtain a plurality of laser bars; and dividing the laser bars in a direction intersecting an extending direction of the first grooves to obtain the semiconductor laser elements.

Abstract: When an electronic apparatus comes to a state of being capable of receiving electric power, an output voltage of an AC adaptor changes from a second voltage Vb to a first voltage Va and the change in voltage can be detected by an electronic apparatus. Due to this configuration, a structure that can detect the type of AC adaptor can be provided without adding any new contacts to a DC input terminal and to a DC output terminal.

Abstract: When an electronic apparatus comes to a state of being capable of receiving electric power, an output voltage of an AC adaptor changes from a second voltage Vb to a first voltage Va and the change in voltage can be detected by an electronic apparatus. Due to this configuration, a structure that can detect the type of AC adaptor can be provided without adding any new contacts to a DC input terminal and to a DC output terminal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a diagnostic agent for eating disorders comprising as an active ingredient an antibody against brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and a method for detecting eating disorders comprising measuring of the concentration of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor in blood. Particularly, the eating disorders can easily be diagnosed by measuring the concentration of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor in blood of the patients with an antibody against brain-derived neurotrophic factor and a labeled antibody against brain-derived neurotrophic factor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a diagnostic agent for eating disorders comprising as an active ingredient an antibody against brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and a method for detecting eating disorders comprising measuring of the concentration of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor in blood. Particularly, the eating disorders can easily be diagnosed by measuring the concentration of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor in blood of the patients with an antibody against brain-derived neurotrophic factor and a labeled antibody against brain-derived neurotrophic factor.