Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a novel solid phase peptide synthesis method for synthesizing a large amount of a peptide. Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel solid phase peptide synthesis method for synthesizing a high-purity long-chain peptide. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a novel solid phase peptide synthesis method causing fewer side reactions. The present invention relates to a method for producing a peptide, and the method comprises solid-phase synthesis of a peptide under stirring with a centrifugal stirrer having no impeller.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a novel solid phase peptide synthesis method for synthesizing a large amount of a peptide. Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel solid phase peptide synthesis method for synthesizing a high-purity long-chain peptide. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a novel solid phase peptide synthesis method causing fewer side reactions. The present invention relates to a method for producing a peptide, and the method comprises solid-phase synthesis of a peptide under stirring with a centrifugal stirrer having no impeller.

Abstract: Objects of the present invention are to provide an industrially applicable method for producing an optically active ?-amino acid in high yield and in a highly enantioselective manner, to provide a simple production method of an optically active ?,?-disubstituted ?-amino acid, and to provide an intermediate useful for the above production methods of an optically active ?-amino acid and an optically active ?,?-disubstituted ?-amino acid. The present invention provides a production method of an optically active ?-amino acid or a salt thereof, the production method comprising introducing a substituent into the ? carbon in the ?-amino acid moiety of a metal complex represented by the following Formula (1): by an alkylation reaction, an aldol reaction, the Michael reaction, or the Mannich reaction, and releasing an optically pure ?-amino acid enantiomer or a salt thereof by acid decomposition of the metal complex.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an optically active amino acid in high yield and in a highly enantioselective manner, which method has fewer restrictions on the material that can be used as the substrate, and to provide, among others, a compound useful as a chiral auxiliary for the method.

Abstract: Objects of the present invention are to provide an industrially applicable method for producing an optically active ?-amino acid in high yield and in a highly enantioselective manner, to provide a simple production method of an optically active ?,?-disubstituted ?-amino acid, and to provide an intermediate useful for the above production methods of an optically active ?-amino acid and an optically active ?,?-disubstituted ?-amino acid. The present invention provides a production method of an optically active ?-amino acid or a salt thereof, the production method comprising introducing a substituent into the ? carbon in the ?-amino acid moiety of a metal complex represented by the following Formula (1): by an alkylation reaction, an aldol reaction, the Michael reaction, or the Mannich reaction, and releasing an optically pure ?-amino acid enantiomer or a salt thereof by acid decomposition of the metal complex.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an optically active amino acid in high yield and in a highly enantioselective manner, which method has fewer restrictions on the material that can be used as the substrate, and to provide, among others, a compound useful as a chiral auxiliary for the method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a laser processing apparatus which can be miniaturized and has a structure for achieving effective protection of the fiber laser light source. The laser processing apparatus comprises a fiber laser light source, a collimator, a spatial filter, an optical isolator, and a condenser lens. The optical isolator emits laser light from the collimator laser light in parallel to the direction of incidence of the laser light, and emits return light from the condenser lens at a predetermined angle with regard to the direction of incidence of the return light. The spatial filter comprises a pair of condenser lenses disposed such that the focal point is formed therebetween, and a pinhole mask disposed such that the pinhole is located at the focal point. At least, a part of the return light emitted from the optical isolator is blocked by the pinhole mask of the spatial filter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a laser processing apparatus which can be miniaturized and has a structure for achieving effective protection of the fiber laser light source. The laser processing apparatus comprises a fiber laser light source, a collimator, a spatial filter, an optical isolator, and a condenser lens. The optical isolator emits laser light from the collimator laser light in parallel to the direction of incidence of the laser light, and emits return light from the condenser lens at a predetermined angle with regard to the direction of incidence of the return light. The spatial filter comprises a pair of condenser lenses disposed such that the focal point is formed therebetween, and a pinhole mask disposed such that the pinhole is located at the focal point. At least, a part of the return light emitted from the optical isolator is blocked by the pinhole mask of the spatial filter.

Abstract: A piezoelectric ceramic compound expressed by a basic formula of Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)aZrxTiyO3 (where 0.90<a+x+y<1.00) is provided. The starting materials for the piezoelectric ceramic compound are calcined. The calcined material is milled to provide powder. A formed body containing the powder is provided. The formed body is degreased at a temperature having the formed body not sintered. A sintered body is provided by sintering the degreased body. The sintered body is heated to subject the sintered body to predetermined heat treatment. The sintered body subjected to the predetermined heat treatment is polarized to provide the sintered body with a piezoelectric property, thus providing a piezoelectric ceramic device. This piezoelectric ceramic composition can be sintered together with an electrode consisting mainly of Ag at a low temperature. Even after the sintering, the composition has its insulation resistance not decrease and has its piezoelectric properties not decline.

Abstract: Material of piezoelectric ceramic compound of three components of Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3—PbTiO3—PbZrO3 expressed by a basic formula of Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)aZrTixO3 (where 0.90<a+x+y<1.00) is provided. The material is calcined. The calcined material is milled to provide powder. A formed body containing the powder is provided. The formed body is degreased at a temperature having the formed body not sintered. A sintered body is provided by sintering the degreased body. The sintered body is heated to subject the sintered body to predetermined heat treatment. The sintered body subjected to the predetermined heat treatment is polarized to provide the sintered body with a piezoelectric property, thus providing a piezoelectric ceramic device. This piezoelectric ceramic composition can be sintered together with an electrode consisting mainly of Ag at a low temperature. Even after the sintering, the composition has its insulation resistance not decrease and has its piezoelectric properties not decline.