Abstract: An absolute encoder preferable in being made compact is provided. The absolute encoder includes a first drive gear, a first permanent magnet, a first angle sensor, and a first driven gear of a central axis that is perpendicular to a central axis of the first drive gear, the first driven gear engaging with the first drive gear. The absolute encoder includes a second drive gear coaxially provided with the first driven gear, the second drive gear being configured to rotate in accordance with rotation of the first driven gear. The absolute encoder includes a second driven gear of which a central axis is perpendicular to the central axis of the first driven gear, the second driven gear engaging with the second drive gear. The absolute encoder includes a second permanent magnet provided on a top end side of the second driven gear.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to enable a secure attachment of an antenna element and to facilitate adjustment of the antenna element characteristics. Rearward of a spoiler are formed a plurality of lateral grooves extending in a left-right direction of a vehicle, and a plurality of vertical grooves extending in a front-rear direction of the vehicle. The plurality of lateral grooves and the plurality of vertical grooves form latticed grooves as grooves in the shape of a lattice for installing an antenna element. The antenna element is formed by a conductive wire. One end of the antenna element is connected to an amplifier, and the other end is opened.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to enable a secure attachment of an antenna element and to facilitate adjustment of the antenna element characteristics. Rearward of a spoiler are formed a plurality of lateral grooves extending in a left-right direction of a vehicle, and a plurality of vertical grooves extending in a front-rear direction of the vehicle. The plurality of lateral grooves and the plurality of vertical grooves form latticed grooves as grooves in the shape of a lattice for installing an antenna element. The antenna element is formed by a conductive wire. One end of the antenna element is connected to an amplifier, and the other end is opened.

Abstract: A machining system comprising a plurality of different kinds of single purpose machining units arranged at plural machining stations located along a transfer path, and a transfer apparatus for transferring plural kinds of workpieces along the transfer path so as to position each of the workpieces at plural machining stations successively for machinings by the plural single purpose machining units. The machining system is provided with a return conveyor or a transfer vehicle for transferring the workpieces along a return path from the end of the transfer path to a workpiece unloading station, and a numerically controlled general purpose machine tool arranged adjacent to the return path. The general purpose machine carries out special machinings which cannot be carried out by the single purpose machining units for machining some workpieces which require such special machinings.