Abstract: An aircraft emergency brake system includes a modulating emergency/parking brake valve in fluid communication with and disposed between a pressure source and a wheel brake and a lever assembly operatively connected with the brake valve. The emergency brake system is operative in first and second stages. The lever assembly includes a handle, a lock mechanism and an unlock mechanism. The handle is movable between a non-actuated position and a fully-actuated position. The brake pressure provided to the wheel brake through the brake valve depends on a position of the handle. The lock mechanism is operatively connected with the handle to obstruct the handle from moving from the first stage to the second stage. The unlock mechanism is disposed on the handle to unlock the lock mechanism allowing movement of the handle to the second stage position from the first stage position.

Abstract: A SERS element comprises a substrate having a front face; a fine structure part formed on the front face and having a plurality of pillars; and a conductor layer formed on the fine structure part and constituting an optical function part for generating surface-enhanced Raman scattering. The conductor layer has a base part formed along the front face and a plurality of protrusions protruding from the base part at respective positions corresponding to the pillars. The base part has a thickness greater than the height of the pillars.

Abstract: A SERS element comprises a substrate having a front face; a fine structure part formed on the front face and having a plurality of pillars; and a conductor layer formed on the fine structure part and constituting an optical function part for generating surface-enhanced Raman scattering. The conductor layer has a base part formed along the front face and a plurality of protrusions protruding from the base part at respective positions corresponding to the pillars. The base part is formed with a plurality of grooves surrounding the respective pillars when seen in the projecting direction of the pillars, while an end part of the protrusion is located within the groove corresponding thereto.

Abstract: Present invention relate to a physical/chemical sensor and a physical/chemical phenomenon sensing device that can detect minute change of surface stress and can be reduced in size and arrayed and to provide a method for manufacturing the same In the sensor of the present invention, an air-gap 3 is formed on a surface of the light receiving surface 1a of a photodiode 1. The sensor comprises a membrane section 2 which is oppositely deposited, and the air-gap is blocked air-tightly or liquid-tightly. The membrane section has optical transparency and flexibility, the membrane section and the surface of the light receiving surface form a Fabry-Perot resonator. The sensing device of the present invention comprises a reference sensor, which comprises no air-gap, in addition to the sensor.

Abstract: A hydraulic system for an aircraft includes a master cylinder, a wheel brake, a pressure supply, a reservoir, and a shut-off valve in communication with the master cylinder, the wheel brake, the pressure supply and the reservoir. The shut-off valve can include a seal that is configured to preclude fluid flow between the pressure supply and the reservoir through the valve. The shut-off valve can be operable in a first position which blocks fluid flow between the pressure supply and the wheel brake through the valve and a second position which allows fluid flow between the pressure supply and the wheel brake through the valve. Fluid pressure from the master cylinder can control operation of the valve between the first position and the second position. Failure of the seal can result in fluid flow from the brake pressure supply toward the master cylinder.

Abstract: An aircraft emergency brake system includes a modulating emergency/parking brake valve in fluid communication with and disposed between a pressure source and a wheel brake and a lever assembly operatively connected with the brake valve. The emergency brake system is operative in first and second stages. The lever assembly includes a handle, a lock mechanism and an unlock mechanism. The handle is movable between a non-actuated position and a fully-actuated position. The brake pressure provided to the wheel brake through the brake valve depends on a position of the handle. The lock mechanism is operatively connected with the handle to obstruct the handle from moving from the first stage to the second stage. The unlock mechanism is disposed on the handle to unlock the lock mechanism allowing movement of the handle to the second stage position from the first stage position.

Abstract: A brake handle assembly for an aircraft emergency/parking brake includes a handle movable between a non-actuated position wherein the brake is disengaged and a full actuated position wherein, during movement therebetween, the brake applies a modulated braking force in an emergency brake state. A button actuator is disposed on the handle. Movement of the handle from the intermediate stop position to the full actuated position is obstructed to prevent inadvertent operation of the brake in the parking brake state unless the button actuator is depressed.

Abstract: A pedal operated apparatus controls an aircraft rudder during flight using a mechanical linkage and controls a nose wheel power steering system while the aircraft is on the ground. The apparatus includes a pair of foot pedals operatively connected to the rudder and also connected to the power steering system. Springs are operatively connected to the pedals only when the aircraft is on the ground to center the nose wheel after a turn. The springs are operatively disconnected when the aircraft is in flight.

Abstract: A method for determining a target steering angle for nose landing gear of an aircraft includes receiving rudder pedal input data into a steering control unit, receiving aircraft speed data into the steering control unit, calculating a normal gain, calculating a parking gain, and adding the normal gain and the parking gain to determine the target steering angle. The normal gain is a positive quantity in all aircraft speed and pedal stroke ranges. The parking gain is a positive quantity in parking and taxiing speed ranges. A nose wheel steering system is also disclosed.

Abstract: A speed brake apparatus reduces the airspeed of an aircraft by increasing aerodynamic drag. First and second brake panels are located on opposite sides of a portion of the aircraft, such as the fuselage, and are adapted to swing outward about a downstream hinge axis into deployed positions extending into the air stream. The panels are controlled by an operating device that includes a linear actuator. The actuator moves an operating head connected to a pair of toggle assemblies to convert linear movement of the operating head to the deployment and retraction movement of the brake panels.

Abstract: A hydraulic system for an aircraft includes a brake operation device, a pressure supply, a reservoir, a shut-off valve, and a wheel brake. The shut-off valve is in fluid communication with and is disposed between the pressure supply and the brake valve. The shut-off valve can include a poppet, a first valve seat and a second valve seat. Movement of the poppet is controlled by operation of the brake operation device. The poppet is movable between a first position where the poppet acts against the first valve seat and a second position where the poppet acts against the second valve seat. In the first position, fluid flow is blocked between the pressure supply and the brake valve through the shut-off valve. In the second position, fluid flow is allowed between the pressure supply and the brake valve through the shut-off valve. The wheel brake is in fluid communication with and downstream from the shut-off valve.

Abstract: A hydraulic system for an aircraft includes a master cylinder, a wheel brake, a pressure supply, a reservoir, and a shut-off valve in communication with the master cylinder, the wheel brake, the pressure supply and the reservoir. The shut-off valve can include a seal that is configured to preclude fluid flow between the pressure supply and the reservoir through the valve. The shut-off valve can be operable in a first position which blocks fluid flow between the pressure supply and the wheel brake through the valve and a second position which allows fluid flow between the pressure supply and the wheel brake through the valve. Fluid pressure from the master cylinder can control operation of the valve between the first position and the second position. Failure of the seal can result in fluid flow from the brake pressure supply toward the master cylinder.

Abstract: A method for determining a target steering angle for nose landing gear of an aircraft includes receiving rudder pedal input data into a steering control unit, receiving aircraft speed data into the steering control unit, calculating a normal gain, calculating a parking gain, and adding the normal gain and the parking gain to determine the target steering angle. The normal gain is a positive quantity in all aircraft speed and pedal stroke ranges. The parking gain is a positive quantity in parking and taxiing speed ranges. A nose wheel steering system is also disclosed.

Abstract: A system, which is connectable to a first apparatus capable of data communication using a data communication protocol via a network where each session is managed by a session management protocol, includes: a connecting section which, if ID about the first apparatus exists in a storing section when a start instruction is received from the first apparatus, registers ID about a session corresponding to the start instruction in association with the ID about the first apparatus, and establishes a path enabling data communication for the first apparatus in the network using the session management protocol; and a providing section which, upon receiving the ID about the session from a second apparatus, transmits confirmation information according to the result of confirmation about whether the ID about the first apparatus is in association with the ID about the session.

Abstract: A hydraulic system for aircraft operating devices provides a secondary pressure source for direction and deceleration control in case of loss of pressure from a primary pressure source. The system includes multiple pressure accumulators that include a primary accumulator, which supplies pressurized fluid to a first actuator, and first and second secondary accumulators, which supply pressurized fluid to second and third actuators, respectively. If the primary accumulator is disabled, the first secondary accumulator will supply pressurized fluid to the first actuator. If the first secondary accumulator is disabled, the second secondary accumulator will supply pressurized fluid to the second actuator. By providing multiple, substantially independent accumulators, direction and deceleration control is maintained even in the event of loss of the primary accumulator.

Abstract: A pedal operated apparatus controls an aircraft rudder during flight using a mechanical linkage and controls a nose wheel power steering system while the aircraft is on the ground. The apparatus includes a pair of foot pedals operatively connected to the rudder and also connected to the power steering system. Springs are operatively connected to the pedals only when the aircraft is on the ground to center the nose wheel after a turn. The springs are operatively disconnected when the aircraft is in flight.

Abstract: A system, which is connectable to a first apparatus capable of data communication using a data communication protocol via a network where each session is managed by a session management protocol, includes: a connecting section which, if ID about the first apparatus exists in a storing section when a start instruction is received from the first apparatus, registers ID about a session corresponding to the start instruction in association with the ID about the first apparatus, and establishes a path enabling data communication for the first apparatus in the network using the session management protocol; and a providing section which, upon receiving the ID about the session from a second apparatus, transmits confirmation information according to the result of confirmation about whether the ID about the first apparatus is in association with the ID about the session.