Abstract: A CIS-based thin film solar cell has a backside electrode layer that is divided by a pattern (P1), and a CIS-based light absorption layer, and a transparent conductive film are sequentially formed on a substrate. The backside electrode layer comprises an intermediate layer on the surface that is in contact with the CIS-based light absorption layer, the intermediate layer being composed of a compound of a metal that constitutes the backside electrode layer and a group VI element that constitutes the CIS-based light absorption layer; the intermediate layer comprises a first intermediate layer portion which is formed on the upper surface and a second intermediate layer portion which is formed on the lateral surface that and faces the pattern (P1); and the film thickness of the second intermediate layer portion is larger than the film thickness of the first intermediate layer portion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a thin-film solar cell which has a high photoelectric conversion efficiency and is provided with a substrate (1), a backside surface electrode layer (2) formed on the substrate (1), a p-type light-absorbing layer (3) formed on the backside surface electrode layer (2), and an n-type transparent conductive film (5) formed on the p-type light-absorbing layer (3). Voids (6) are formed at the interface of the backside surface electrode layer (2) and the p-type light-absorbing layer (3).

Abstract: An example television Widget movement method involves receiving a dedicated command from a remote controller that activates the plurality of Widget programs, when in Display mode, display Widget representations on a display; receiving a command that establishes one of the plurality of displayed Widget programs as the Widget program that is currently in focus; and receiving a command that places the Widget program currently in focus in Move Mode. The Widget can be moved about the display while in Move Mode, where when the Widget is in Move Mode, the Widget representation is responsive to navigation commands to move about the display. Such movement is animated using a 3 dimensional graphics engine and accompanied by an audio sound effect. This abstract is not to be considered limiting, since other embodiments may deviate from the features described in this abstract.

Abstract: In a wireless communication device for performing plural wireless communications with different standards using the same frequency band, degradation of communication quality and communication speed due to communication interference is prevented, while drop in throughput and occurrence of frame loss are prevented. A first wireless communication section first performs wireless communication using a first frequency band and a second wireless communication section performs second wireless communication using a second frequency band with which at least a part of the first frequency band overlaps.

Abstract: In order to provide a CIS-based thin film solar cell having high photoelectric conversion efficiency, this CIS-based thin film solar cell is laminated in order of a high distortion point glass substrate (1), an alkali control layer (2), a back electrode layer (3), a p-type CIS-based light absorbing layer (4), and an n-type transparent conductive film (6), wherein said alkali control layer (2) is a silica film whose film thickness is within a range of 2.00-10.00 nm and whose refractive index is within a range of 1.450-1.500.

Abstract: A technique by which the production of plant biomass can be significantly increased is provided. A gene encoding protein phosphatase 2C having 3 consensus sequences comprising the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOS: 1-3 from the N-terminal side in such order and a gene encoding glutathione-binding plastid-type fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase is introduced, or an expression control region of endogenous genes corresponding to the genes are modified.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a technique of increasing the frequency of genetic recombination in genomic DNA of a plant is established. Such technique comprises: introducing a restriction enzyme gene that can be expressed in a target plant cell into the plant cell and causing the restriction enzyme gene to be transiently expressed so as to induce genetic recombination of genomic DNA; or introducing a promoter and a restriction enzyme gene using the Agrobacterium method so as to induce genetic recombination of genomic DNA.

Abstract: A rubber composition including a diene rubber and, per 100 parts by mass thereof, from 5 to 100 parts by mass of an inorganic filler, and from 0.5 to 40 parts by mass of a polyether polyamide elastomer, and a pneumatic tire using this rubber composition in a cap tread of a tread.

Abstract: A method for evaluating a semiconductor substrate is provided that can evaluate even a thin semiconductor substrate or a substrate with untreated surfaces, can evaluate a large quantity of semiconductor substrates for solar cells in a short time and can be used as in-line inspection in a production process of solar cells or the like. The method for evaluating a semiconductor substrate comprises a step of immersing a semiconductor substrate in an etching solution filled in a container, a step of irradiating the substrate being immersed in the etching solution with light via the etching solution to cause the substrate to emit photoluminescence, and a step of observing the emitted photoluminescence.

Abstract: A technique by which the production of plant biomass can be significantly increased is provided. A protein phosphatase 2C gene having 3 consensus sequences comprising the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOS: 1-3 from the N-terminal side in such order is over-expressed.

Abstract: An example television Widget movement method involves receiving a dedicated command from a remote controller that activates the plurality of Widget programs, when in Display mode, display Widget representations on a display; receiving a command that establishes one of the plurality of displayed Widget programs as the Widget program that is currently in focus; and receiving a command that places the Widget program currently in focus in Move Mode. The Widget can be moved about the display while in Move Mode, where when the Widget is in Move Mode, the Widget representation is responsive to navigation commands to move about the display. Such movement is animated using a 3 dimensional graphics engine and accompanied by an audio sound effect. This abstract is not to be considered limiting, since other embodiments may deviate from the features described in this abstract.

Abstract: A button is disclosed that includes a die cast button body for which a secondary or an additional process (e.g., a squeeze process) is unnecessary and for which a degree of freedom for design of the upper surface center of the button body can increase. A shank of a fastening member is provided with a shank distal end having a small diameter, a shank proximal portion having a larger diameter than that of the shank distal end, and a shank stepped portion. A shank receiving space of the button body for receiving the shank is provided with a shank receiving small diameter portion which receives the shank distal end and which has an axial length larger than that of the distal end, a shank receiving large diameter portion which receives a distal side part of the shank proximal portion, and a shank receiving stepped portion. The shank receiving stepped portion has a stepped portion edge boundary with the small diameter portion.

Abstract: A button is disclosed that includes a die cast button body for which a secondary or an additional process (e.g., a squeeze process) is unnecessary and for which a degree of freedom for design of the upper surface center of the button body can increase. A shank of a fastening member is provided with a shank distal end having a small diameter, a shank proximal portion having a larger diameter than that of the shank distal end, and a shank stepped portion. A shank receiving space of the button body for receiving the shank is provided with a shank receiving small diameter portion which receives the shank distal end and which has an axial length larger than that of the distal end, a shank receiving large diameter portion which receives a distal side part of the shank proximal portion, and a shank receiving stepped portion. The shank receiving stepped portion has a stepped portion edge boundary with the small diameter portion.

Abstract: A data processing system includes a processor for writing data processed based on a clock signal in a buffer for storing and outputting written data, and the processor changes a frequency of the clock signal supplied to the processor in accordance with an amount of data stored in the buffer.

Abstract: A method for evaluating a semiconductor substrate is provided that can evaluate even a thin semiconductor substrate or a substrate with untreated surfaces, can evaluate a large quantity of semiconductor substrates for solar cells in a short time and can be used as in-line inspection in a production process of solar cells or the like. The method for evaluating a semiconductor substrate comprises a step of immersing a semiconductor substrate in an etching solution filled in a container, a step of irradiating the substrate being immersed in the etching solution with light via the etching solution to cause the substrate to emit photoluminescence, and a step of observing the emitted photoluminescence.

Abstract: A technique is proposed for normalizing the multi-bit output of a RAKE receiver by automatically selecting from it fewer bits which are representative of the data in the CDMA signal. The invention is applicable to a CDMA signal in which the data is transmitted discontinuously and a pilot symbol is inserted into the data sequence and transmitted at a different power level. The proposed technique may be operated either on the basis that the power ratio of the pilot part of the CDMA signal to the data part is known, or alternatively without any knowledge of this power ratio. In both cases the pilot part is used to determine the bit position on which the normalization works, and also the fine adjustment of the data part of the CDMA signal.

Abstract: A single frequency relay station receives a signal from a master station, and retransmits it. Before retransmitting the signal, the relay station uses a digital filter to subtract from the signal components which arise from multipath interference and coupling interference. The coefficients used by the digital filter are derived from characteristics of the multipath interference and the overall transfer function of the relay station. These are derived by turning off the retransmission, so that the multipath interference can be estimated from the received signal, and commencing the retransmission again, to determine the transfer function. A simplified inverse fast Fourier transform is used to simplify the calculations.

Abstract: Adders each add up an addition value sent from a metric calculator and a state metric read from a memory. A maximum value selector generates a first likelihood when a data bit is 1, based on the addition values added up by the adders. A maximum value selector generates a second likelihood when a data bit is 0, based on the addition values added up by the adders. A subtracter subtracts the second likelihood from the first likelihood to generate a likelihood ratio, and a subtracter subtracts data from the likelihood ratio and generates extrinsic information. A re-normalizer multiplies the extrinsic information by a predetermined value to re-normalize it and temporarily stores it in a memory. The extrinsic information stored in the memory is used as the prior probability information for the next iterative decoding.

Abstract: At a base station 2, a CDMA received signal coming in through an antenna 4 is fed to a radio frequency unit (RFU) or high frequency unit 6. The RFU 6 demodulates a baseband signal BB from a signal RF and delivers the signal BB to an analog-to-digital converter (A/D) 8. The resulting digital signal output from the A/D 8 is input to a hybrid interference canceller (HIC) 12 as a received signal Rx Data 10. The HIC 12 divides users into two groups and assigns one combination of a parallel interference canceller and a serial interference canceller to each group. The HIC 12 cancels interference contained in the received signal Rx Data 10 for thereby estimating symbols particular to a plurality of users.

Abstract: A technique is proposed for normalizing the multi-bit output of a RAKE receiver by automatically selecting from it fewer bits which are representative of the data in the CDMA signal. The invention is applicable to a CDMA signal in which the data is transmitted discontinuously and a pilot symbol is inserted into the data sequence and transmitted at a different power level. The proposed technique may be operated either on the basis that the power ratio of the pilot part of the CDMA signal to the data part is known, or alternatively without any knowledge of this power ratio. In both cases the pilot part is used to determine the bit position on which the normalization works, and also the fine adjustment of the data part of the CDMA signal.