Abstract: A core material has a core 12; a solder layer 16 made of a (Sn—Bi)-based solder alloy provided on an outer side of the core 12; and a Sn layer 20 provided on an outer side of the solder layer 16. The core contains metal or a resin. When a concentration ratio of Bi contained in the solder layer 16 is a concentration ratio (%)=a measured value of Bi (% by mass)/a target Bi content (% by mass), or a concentration ratio (%)=an average value of measured values of Bi (% by mass)/a target Bi content (% by mass), the concentration ratio is 91.4% to 106.7%. The thickness of the Sn layer 20 is 0.215% or more and 36% or less of the thickness of the solder layer 16.

Abstract: A packing unit for an air-conditioning apparatus includes an outdoor unit with heavy objects that are provided on a bottom plate of a housing of the outdoor unit. On the packing unit, the outdoor unit is placed. The packing unit includes: a support base that has a cuboid framework structure made by combining a plurality of wood pieces, and supports the outdoor unit; a long wood piece that has a long plate shape, and that forms part of an upper surface portion of the support base and faces the bottom plate, the long wood piece having end portions, one of the end portions being fixed to the support base, the other being a free end that is movable in a vertical direction; and a support wood piece that is provided on an upper surface portion of the end portion on a free end side of the long wood piece.

Abstract: A packing unit for an air-conditioning apparatus includes an outdoor unit with heavy objects that are provided on a bottom plate of a housing of the outdoor unit. On the packing unit, the outdoor unit is placed. The packing unit includes: a support base that has a cuboid framework structure made by combining a plurality of wood pieces, and supports the outdoor unit; a long wood piece that has a long plate shape, and that forms part of an upper surface portion of the support base and faces the bottom plate, the long wood piece having end portions, one of the end portions being fixed to the support base, the other being a free end that is movable in a vertical direction; and a support wood piece that is provided on an upper surface portion of the end portion on a free end side of the long wood piece.

Abstract: A packing unit for an air-conditioning apparatus includes an outdoor unit with heavy objects that are provided on a bottom plate of a housing of the outdoor unit. On the packing unit, the outdoor unit is placed. The packing unit includes: a support base that has a cuboid framework structure made by combining a plurality of wood pieces, and supports the outdoor unit; a long wood piece that has a long plate shape, and that forms part of an upper surface portion of the support base and faces the bottom plate, the long wood piece having end portions, one of the end portions being fixed to the support base, the other being a free end that is movable in a vertical direction; and a support wood piece that is provided on an upper surface portion of the end portion on a free end side of the long wood piece.

Abstract: A glow plug includes a housing having an axial hole extending in an axial line direction; a ceramic heater that is relatively displaceable with respect to the housing along the axial line direction and has at least outer surface made of ceramic; and a pressure sensor fixed to the housing and configured to output a signal based on the relative displacement of the ceramic heater. A fixed member fixed to the ceramic heater while the ceramic heater is arranged to an inner circumference of the fixed member. A welded member is welded to an outer circumference of the fixed member. An inner circumferential surface of a portion of the fixed member to which at least the welded member is welded is spaced apart from the outer surface of the ceramic heater.

Abstract: A glow plug includes a housing having an axial hole extending in an axial line direction; a ceramic heater that is relatively displaceable with respect to the housing along the axial line direction and has at least outer surface made of ceramic; and a pressure sensor fixed to the housing and configured to output a signal based on the relative displacement of the ceramic heater. A fixed member fixed to the ceramic heater while the ceramic heater is arranged to an inner circumference of the fixed member. A welded member is welded to an outer circumference of the fixed member. An inner circumferential surface of a portion of the fixed member to which at least the welded member is welded is spaced apart from the outer surface of the ceramic heater.

Abstract: A heater energization control apparatus. When an engine is stopped, a microcomputer of a GCU enters a power save mode. When the microcomputer returns to a normal mode in response to an interruption signal periodically generated from an interruption timer, the microcomputer supplies electricity to a heating resistor for a short time and obtains its resistance (S19). When the resistance is greater than a first reference value, the microcomputer determines that a glow plug is removed from the engine; that is, the glow plug is being exchanged (S29). The microcomputer sets an exchange flag to “1” (S30), and performs calibration for the heating resistor of a new glow plug after the engine is operated next time (S35). When the current resistance becomes smaller than the past resistance, the microcomputer determines that the glow plug has been exchanged.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a heater energization control apparatus which can detect that a heater has been exchanged. [Means for Solution] When an engine is stopped, a microcomputer of a GCU enters a power save mode. When the microcomputer returns to a normal mode in response to an interruption signal periodically generated from an interruption timer, the microcomputer supplies electricity to a heating resistor for a short time and obtains its resistance (S19). When the resistance is greater than a first reference value, the microcomputer determines that a glow plug is removed from the engine; that is, the glow plug is being exchanged (S29). The microcomputer sets an exchange flag to “1” (S30), and performs calibration for the heating resistor of a new glow plug after the engine is operated next time (S35). Further, since the resistance of the heating resistor changes (increases) with deterioration of the heating resistor with time, the acquired resistance may be stored.

Abstract: A robotic system and process for automatically orienting/positioning a vehicle panel prior to its installation to a vehicle. The panel is first moved by the robot from a temporary storage position to an alignment fixture that acts to initially define the orientation/position of the panel in two directions. The robot subsequently contacts the panel such that the panel is pushed against a position stop that defines the position of the panel in a third direction. With the panel properly oriented/positioned, the robot removes the panel from the alignment fixture and transfers it to the vehicle for installation. Panels of dissimilar size and/or shape may be installed using the same system and process.

Abstract: A system and method for welding projection weld nuts to a work piece. The system and method of the present invention generally makes use of a fixtured work piece having one or more projection weld nuts associated therewith. A resistance welding robot is used to weld the projection weld nuts to the work piece. The welding robot typically has weld electrodes therewith, through which electric welding current is passed to the projection weld nut(s) and the work piece. A first and second contacting electrode is used to transfer electric current from the welding robot electrodes to the projection weld nut(s) and work piece.

Abstract: A robotic system and process for automatically orienting/positioning a vehicle panel prior to its installation to a vehicle. The panel is first moved by the robot from a temporary storage position to an alignment fixture that acts to initially define the orientation/position of the panel in two directions. The robot subsequently contacts the panel such that the panel is pushed against a position stop that defines the position of the panel in a third direction. With the panel properly oriented/positioned, the robot removes the panel from the alignment fixture and transfers it to the vehicle for installation. Panels of dissimilar size and/or shape may be installed using the same system and process.

Abstract: An optical disc 1 has formed in an area inside the inner circumference of an information recording area 2 formed thereon concentric or spiral continuous or discontinuous recesses 4a at a lager pitch than the track pitch in the information recording area 2. The optical disc is manufactured by installing a hub 5 substantially in the center of an optical disc substrate with reference to the recesses 4a by positioning the hub 5 with respect to the optical disc substrate. A stamper for manufacturing the optical disc substrates is produced by exposing a photoresist layer 11 to a laser beam by turning on and off the laser beam while rotating a glass substrate 10 having the photoresist layer 11 applied thereon and scanning the laser beam radially of the glass substrate 10.