Abstract: A first aluminum alloy of the present invention comprises Mg: 0.3-6 mass %, Si: 0.3-10 mass %, Zn: 0.05-1 mass %, Sr: 0.001-0.3 mass % and the balance being Al and impurities. A second aluminum alloy further contains one or more selective additional elements selected from the group consisting of Cu, Fe, Mn, Cr, Zr, Ti, Na and Ca. Furthermore, a third aluminum alloy comprises Mg: 0.1-6 mass %, Si: 0.3-12.5 mass %, Cu: 0.01 mass % or more but less than 1 mass %, Zn: 0.01-3 mass %, Sr: 0.001-0.5 mass % and the balance being Al and impurities. Furthermore, a fourth aluminum alloy further includes one or more optional additional elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, B, C, Fe, Cr, Mn, Zr, V, Sc, Ni, Na, Sb, Ca, Sn, Bi and In.

Abstract: A plurality of heat transfer tube elements 17 are laminated with outer fins disposed between the heat transfer tube elements 17 in order to form a core. A gas flows between the outer fins. A passage 24 allowing flow of a cooling medium in a direction orthogonal to the direction of gas flow is formed in each heat transfer tube element 17. The passage 24 has a large passage 31 having a large width disposed upstream with respect to the direction a of gas flow and a small passage group 33 comprising a plurality of small passages 32 being more narrow than the large passage 31 and being disposed downstream with respect to the direction of gas flow. This arrangement allows non-uniformity in the temperature distribution of a gas flow to be suppressed to a low level with a downsizing, low-weight and low-cost device.

Abstract: An air conditioning system for a vehicle has a first cycle including a compressor, a first condenser, a second condenser, a liquid tank, an expansion valve and an evaporator which are connected through pipes to form a first refrigerant circulation circuit through which a refrigerant flows from an outlet of the compressor to an inlet of the compressor while changing the phase. The first cycle causes the evaporator to act as a cooler when operated. The system further has a second cycle including the compressor, the second condenser, the liquid tank, the evaporator and the evaporator which are connected through pipes to form a second refrigerant circulation circuit through which the refrigerant flows from the outlet of the compressor to the inlet of the compressor while changing the phase. The second cycle causes the condenser to act as a heater and the evaporator to act as a cooler when operated. The first and second cycles are switched by switch means.

Abstract: A heat pump type air conditioning system (A) for an automotive vehicle. The heat type air conditioning system (A) comprises a first unit (10) including a heater core (11) through which an engine coolant of an engine flows, and a first heat exchanger (12) which forms part of a refrigeration cycle including a compressor (1) and a first condenser (3), in which a refrigerant circulates in the refrigeration cycle. A second unit (20) is provided including a second condenser (21) and a second heat exchanger (22) which are fluidly connected in parallel with the first heat exchanger (12). A valve (V2) is fluidly connected in series with the second condenser (21) and disposed such that a part of the refrigerant is introduced through the valve into the second condenser (21) and the second heat exchanger (22).

Abstract: A heat pump type air conditioning system (A) for an automotive vehicle. The heat type air conditioning system (A) comprises a first unit (10) including a heater core (11) through which an engine coolant of an engine flows, and a first heat exchanger (12) which forms part of a refrigeration cycle including a compressor (1) and a first condenser (3), in which a refrigerant circulates in the refrigeration cycle. A second unit (20) is provided including a second condenser (21) and a second heat exchanger (22) which are fluidly connected in parallel with the first heat exchanger (12). A valve (V2) is fluidly connected in series with the second condenser (21) and disposed such that a part of the refrigerant is introduced through the valve into the second condenser (21) and the second heat exchanger (22).

Abstract: In a four wheel steering system, the rear wheel turning mechanism is connected to the front wheel turning mechanism by way of a rear wheel turning angle ratio changing mechanism which is mechanically connected to both the front wheel turning mechanism and the rear wheel turning mechanism and transmits the mechanical displacement input thereinto from the front wheel turning mechanism to the rear wheel turning mechanism to drive the same by an amount the ratio of which to the amount of mechanical displacement input into the rear wheel turning angle ratio changing mechanism gives a predetermined rear wheel turning angle ratio. The rear wheel turning angle ratio changing mechanism is controlled in such a way that, when the front wheels are turned from the neutral position in a middle vehicle speed range, makes the rear wheel turning angle ratio negative for a moment immediately after initiation of turning of the front wheels and thereafter turns the same positive.

Abstract: A reference position detection method of a vehicle rear wheel steering apparatus in the present invention, is provided with steps of setting an input shaft and the yoke assembly at arbitrary angular positions rotating the input shaft by an arbitrary angle to pass a neutral angular position measuring a rotational angle .theta. of the input shaft and a moving amount .delta.1 of an output rod assembly upon rotation of the input shaft rotating the yoke assembly to pass a neutral angular position so that the output rod assembly is stroke-moved by a moving amount -.delta.1 from a stroke position defined by the moving amount .delta.1 of the output rod assembly rotating the input shaft by an angle -.theta. after rotating the yoke assembly, and measuring a moving amount .delta.2 of the output rod assembly; and determining, as a reference position of the yoke assembly, an angular position obtained by rotating the yoke assembly from the rotated state of the input shaft so that the output rod assembly is displaced by -.