Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor that has a photosensitive layer constituting a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, a charging device that charges the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, an electrostatic charge image forming device that forms an electrostatic charge image on the charged surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, a developing device that accommodates a developer containing a toner which contains toner particles and an external additive, and develops the electrostatic charge image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor by the developer as a toner image, a transfer device that transfers the toner image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor to a surface of a recording medium, and a cleaning device that includes a cleaning blade coming into contact with the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor and cleaning at least residual toner particles on the surface of the el

Abstract: A nanoribbon includes a structure represented by a structural formula (8), where g, p, q, r, s, t, and u are mutually independent and are integers greater than or equal to 1, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 are mutually independent and are one of a hydrogen atom, a substituent, an alkyl moiety, a phenyl moiety, and a halogen atom, and A denotes a hydrogen atom or an aryl group.

Abstract: A nanoribbon includes a structure represented by a structural formula (8), where g, p, q, r, s, t, and u are mutually independent and are integers greater than or equal to 1, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 are mutually independent and are one of a hydrogen atom, a substituent, an alkyl moiety, a phenyl moiety, and a halogen atom, and A denotes a hydrogen atom or an aryl group.

Abstract: A nanoribbon includes a structure represented by a structural formula (8), where g, p, q, r, s, t, and u are mutually independent and are integers greater than or equal to 1, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 are mutually independent and are one of a hydrogen atom, a substituent, an alkyl moiety, a phenyl moiety, and a halogen atom, and A denotes a hydrogen atom or as aryl group.

Abstract: A method, to perform glow discharge optical emission spectrometry using a glow discharge tube equipped with an electrode having an end section, for producing a sample containing object that is to be disposed so as to be opposed to the end section, comprises: covering one end of a sample holding section having a cylindrical shape and being open at both ends using a covering member; filling a powder sample containing a material to be analyzed into the sample holding section; compressing the powder sample by pressurizing the filled powder sample from the other end to the one end of the sample holding section; and removing the covering member from the sample holding section, thereby producing the sample containing object which includes the sample holding section and the compressed powder sample and from which the compressed powder sample is exposed from the one end.

Abstract: A nanoribbon includes a structure represented by a structural formula (8), where q, p, q, r, s, t, and u are mutually independent and are integers greater than or equal to 1, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 are mutually independent and are one of a hydrogen. atom, a substituent, an alkyl moiety, a phenyl moiety, and a halogen atom, and A denotes a hydrogen atom or as aryl group.

Abstract: A method, to perform glow discharge optical emission spectrometry using a glow discharge tube equipped with an electrode having an end section, for producing a sample containing object that is to be disposed so as to be opposed to the end section, comprises: covering one end of a sample holding section having a cylindrical shape and being open at both ends using a covering member; filling a powder sample containing a material to be analyzed into the sample holding section; compressing the powder sample by pressurizing the filled powder sample from the other end to the one end of the sample holding section; and removing the covering member from the sample holding section, thereby producing the sample containing object which includes the sample holding section and the compressed powder sample and from which the compressed powder sample is exposed from the one end.

Abstract: A GNR is a ribbon-shaped graphene film which includes: five or more (for example, five, seven, or nine) six-membered rings of carbon atoms which are bonded and arranged in line in a short side direction; and a complete armchair type edge structure along a long side direction. By such a constitution, without using a transfer method, there are materialized a highly reliable graphene film which has an armchair type edge structure with a uniform width at a desired value and which enables an electric current on-off ratio of 105 or more that is practically sufficient for exhibiting a desired band gap.

Abstract: A resin mold for nanoimprinting has a substrate, a resin layer formed upon the substrate and having a depressions and protrusions pattern on a surface, an inorganic substance layer formed of uniform thickness on at least the surface having the depressions and protrusions pattern of the resin layer, and a mold release agent layer formed of uniform thickness on at least the surface having the depressions and protrusions pattern of the inorganic substance layer. The resin of the resin layer includes constituent units derived from an epoxy group-containing unsaturated compound at a concentration of 1 to 50 percent relative to total constituent units, and the epoxy value is 7.0×10?4 to 4.0×10?2.

Abstract: A resin mold for nanoimprinting has a substrate, a resin layer formed upon the substrate and having a depressions and protrusions pattern on a surface, an inorganic substance layer formed of uniform thickness on at least the surface having the depressions and protrusions pattern of the resin layer, and a mold release agent layer formed of uniform thickness on at least the surface having the depressions and protrusions pattern of the inorganic substance layer. The resin of the resin layer includes constituent units derived from an epoxy group-containing unsaturated compound at a concentration of 1 to 50 percent relative to total constituent units, and the epoxy value is 7.0×10?4 to 4.0×10?2.

Abstract: A resin mold for nanoimprinting has a substrate, a resin layer formed upon the substrate and having a depressions and protrusions pattern on a surface, an inorganic substance layer formed of uniform thickness on at least the surface having the depressions and protrusions pattern of the resin layer, and a mold release agent layer formed of uniform thickness on at least the surface having the depressions and protrusions pattern of the inorganic substance layer. The resin of the resin layer includes constituent units derived from an epoxy group-containing unsaturated compound at a concentration of 1 to 50 percent relative to total constituent units, and the epoxy value is 7.0×10?4 to 4.0×10?2.

Abstract: A GNR is a ribbon-shaped graphene film which includes: five or more (for example, five, seven, or nine) six-membered rings of carbon atoms which are bonded and arranged in line in a short side direction; and a complete armchair type edge structure along a long side direction. By such a constitution, without using a transfer method, there are materialized a highly reliable graphene film which has an armchair type edge structure with a uniform width at a desired value and which enables an electric current on-off ratio of 105 or more that is practically sufficient for exhibiting a desired band gap.

Abstract: Provided is a photocurable resin composition for producing an imprinting mold which has superior releasability from a transfer target resin and is flexible. The photocurable resin composition does not undergo curing shrinkage when subjected to photo-imprinting as a transfer target of photo-imprinting; and is capable of producing by photo-imprinting an imprinting mold which has high surface hardness and in which the occurrence of yellowing is suppressed even when irradiated with e.g., ultraviolet ray. The photocurable resin composition for imprinting includes a (meth)acrylic monomer (A), a silicon-containing monomer (B) and a photoinitiator (C), wherein the photoinitiator includes a combination of an alkylphenone-based photoinitiator (C1) and an acylphosphine oxide-based photoinitiator (C2).

Abstract: Provided is a photocurable resin composition in which curing shrinkage in photo-imprinting is suppressed, and capable of producing by photo-imprinting a structure which has high surface hardness and in which the occurrence of yellowing is suppressed even when irradiated with e.g., ultraviolet ray. The photocurable resin composition includes a (meth)acrylic monomer (A) and a photoinitiator (B), wherein the photoinitiator (B) has a combination of an alkylphenone-based photoinitiator (B1) and an acylphosphine oxide-based photoinitiator (B2), wherein a blending weight ratio (B1:B2) of the alkylphenone-based photoinitiator (B1) to the acylphosphine oxide-based photoinitiator (B2) is in the range of 1:99 to 90:10.

Abstract: A bonding method of a resin mold is disclosed comprising a step of butting the end parts of resin molds that is provided with a formed reversal pattern of a fine concave convex pattern that is desired to each other for bonding the resin molds, wherein a detachable resin is filled in a gap of the butted part between the end parts of the resin mold and the end parts of the resin molds are bonded to each other in an integrated manner by the hardening of the detachable resin. Also included is a roll-to-roll continuous mold composition produced thereby.

Abstract: A nanoimprint mold for a curved surface is provided and includes a silicone rubber elastic body having an Hs rubber hardness, in the case of a thickness of 250 ?m, of 10 to 55 and includes fine depressions and protrusions formed on the surface. According to the nanoimprint mold for a curved surface, a nanoimprint can be formed even on a curved surface.

Abstract: A resin mold for nanoimprinting of the has a substrate, a resin layer formed upon the substrate and having a depressions and protrusions pattern on a surface, an inorganic substance layer formed of uniform thickness on at least the surface having the depressions and protrusions pattern of the resin layer, and a mold release agent layer formed of uniform thickness on at least the surface having the depressions and protrusions pattern of the inorganic substance layer. The resin of the resin layer includes constituent units derived from an epoxy group-containing unsaturated compound at a concentration of 1 to 50 percent relative to total constituent units, and the epoxy value is 7.0×10?4 to 4.0×10?2.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a short-circuit wire provided in a peripheral area surrounding a pixel area in which pixel electrodes are provided. The short-circuit wire includes a main portion that short-circuits scanning lines with each other and an extending portion that extends from the main portion in such a manner as to intersect data lines. A wire supplied with a predetermined potential in the peripheral area is electrically connected to the extending portion.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a short-circuit wire provided in a peripheral area surrounding a pixel area in which pixel electrodes are provided. The short-circuit wire includes a main portion that short-circuits scanning lines with each other and an extending portion that extends from the main portion in such a manner as to intersect data lines. A wire supplied with a predetermined potential in the peripheral area is electrically connected to the extending portion.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate having at least one first electrode formed thereon, and a second substrate having a plurality of second electrodes formed thereon and opposed to the first electrode, a matrix display section being formed which has a plurality of pixel electrodes constituted of the first and second electrodes and arranged in a matrix of rows and columns. The second substrate is opposed to the first substrate with a predetermined gap therebetween. First and second alignment films respectively are formed on the opposed inner surfaces of the first and second substrates. A liquid crystal is sealed between the first and second substrates. An aligning treatment is executed on the first alignment film in a first direction that intersects, at an angle of 5° to 10°, one of a row direction and a column direction of the matrix display section.