Abstract: The surface-treated steel includes: a steel; a plated layer containing Zn or a Zn alloy formed on a surface of the steel; and a chemical conversion coating film formed on a surface of the plated layer, wherein the chemical conversion coating film contains an organosilicon compound having a siloxane bond, and P and F, and when the abundance ratio of an alkylene group and a siloxane bond in the organosilicon compound is measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), a ratio A1/A2 of a peak value A1 of an absorbance at 2,800 to 3,000 cm?1 indicating the alkylene group to a peak value A2 of an absorbance at 1,030 to 1,200 cm?1 indicating the siloxane bond is 0.10 to 0.75.

Abstract: A production system includes a control device that controls one or more industrial devices, and a host control device that communicably connects to the control device and controls the control device. The host control device includes a register memory allocated for control of the control device and including a command area, and transmission circuitry that transmits multiple command data sets stored in the command area of the control device to the control device, and the control device includes a communication memory in which the multiple command data sets received from the host control device are stored, and processing circuitry that executes a process instructed by the host control device based on the multiple command data sets stored in the communication memory.

Abstract: An engineering device, which is configured to set a higher-level control device capable of controlling a control device for one or more industrial machines, the engineering device including circuitry configured to: receive specification of a register number of the higher-level control device; determine, based on the specified register number, a register range to be used for control of the control device by the higher-level control device; and allocate the determined register range among registers of the higher-level control device, for the control of the control device.

Abstract: A storage unit is configured to store a drive electric current of a submersible pump detected by an electric current detection unit. An identification unit is configured to calculate at least one electric current parameter of a plurality of electric current parameter based on the temporal change of the drive electric current and identify an operation state indicating whether there is an abnormality in the submersible pump and a type of an abnormal operation, based on the electric current parameter.

Abstract: Provided is a production system, comprising circuitry configured to: associate a plurality of rungs included in a ladder program with one of a plurality of scan groups each having an execution cycle that is specifiable; allocate each of the plurality of scan groups to one of a plurality of processor cores of a controller so that each of the plurality of scan groups is distributed; and execute one or more rungs associated with one or more scan groups allocated to each of the plurality of processor cores in parallel in each of the execution cycles.

Abstract: Provided is a production system, comprising circuitry configured to: associate a plurality of rungs included in a ladder program with one of a plurality of scan groups each having an execution cycle that is specifiable; allocate each of the plurality of scan groups to one of a plurality of processor cores of a controller so that each of the plurality of scan groups is distributed; and execute one or more rungs associated with one or more scan groups allocated to each of the plurality of processor cores in parallel in each of the execution cycles.

Abstract: A storage unit is configured to store a drive electric current of a submersible pump detected by an electric current detection unit. An identification unit is configured to calculate at least one electric current parameter of a plurality of electric current parameter based on the temporal change of the drive electric current and identify an operation state indicating whether there is an abnormality in the submersible pump and a type of an abnormal operation, based on the electric current parameter.

Abstract: An engineering device, which is configured to set a higher-level control device capable of controlling a control device for one or more industrial machines, the engineering device including circuitry configured to: receive specification of a register number of the higher-level control device; determine, based on the specified register number, a register range to be used for control of the control device by the higher-level control device; and allocate the determined register range among registers of the higher-level control device, for the control of the control device.

Abstract: A production system includes a control device that controls one or more industrial devices, and a host control device that communicably connects to the control device and controls the control device. The host control device includes a register memory allocated for control of the control device and including a command area, and transmission circuitry that transmits multiple command data sets stored in the command area of the control device to the control device, and the control device includes a communication memory in which the multiple command data sets received from the host control device are stored, and processing circuitry that executes a process instructed by the host control device based on the multiple command data sets stored in the communication memory.

Abstract: A centrifugal pump impeller 11 includes an impeller body in which an inner channel 35 is formed, and a single centrifugal vane 37 provided in the impeller body so as to have a leading edge at an outlet and a trailing edge at a predetermined point of an outer periphery of the impeller body. The centrifugal vane 37 is designed so that the area of an outer channel 36, which is defined by the centrifugal vane 37, in an angle range of 270° in a peripheral direction from the trailing edge of the centrifugal vane 37 to the total area of the impeller body surrounded by the outer periphery of the impeller body is less than 0.3.

Abstract: In order to prevent irreversible deformation of column-shaped spacers which retain the gap between a pair of substrates between which the liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal display device is interposed, spacers which assist in preventing such irreversible deformation are newly provided. According to the invention, two or more kinds of spacers which differ in height from a reference surface are disposed on one of the pair of substrates. In addition, a step pattern with which the spacers are to come into contact is formed in advance on the other of the pair of substrates so that the heights of the spacers can be made different.

Abstract: In an ultra-low temperature freezer (R) using refrigerant mixture in which plural kinds of refrigerants having different boiling points are mixed, in order to ensure the flow rate of liquid refrigerant into a supercooler (31) and enhance the cooling efficiency of a cryocoil (32), the ultra-low temperature freezer (R) comprises: a main refrigerant circuit (38) provided with the cryocoil (32) and a capillary tube (29); and a sub refrigerant circuit (39) that is connected at the upstream end to the upstream end of the main refrigerant circuit (38) to branch off therefrom and provided with a capillary tube (28), and the ultra-low temperature freezer (R) is configured so that the sub refrigerant circuit (39) is lower in height than the main refrigerant circuit (38).

Abstract: In order to prevent irreversible deformation of column-shaped spacers which retain the gap between a pair of substrates between which the liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal display device is interposed, spacers which assist in preventing such irreversible deformation are newly provided. According to the invention, two or more kinds of spacers which differ in height from a reference surface are disposed on one of the pair of substrates. In addition, a step pattern with which the spacers are to come into contact is formed in advance on the other of the pair of substrates so that the heights of the spacers can be made different.

Abstract: In order to prevent irreversible deformation of column-shaped spacers which retain the gap between a pair of substrates between which the liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal display device is interposed, spacers which assist in preventing such irreversible deformation are newly provided. According to the invention, two or more kinds of spacers which differ in height from a reference surface are disposed on one of the pair of substrates. In addition, a step pattern with which the spacers are to come into contact is formed in advance on the other of the pair of substrates so that the heights of the spacers can be made different.

Abstract: In order to prevent irreversible deformation of column-shaped spacers which retain the gap between a pair of substrates between which the liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal display device is interposed, spacers which assist in preventing such irreversible deformation are newly provided. According to the invention, two or more kinds of spacers which differ in height from a reference surface are disposed on one of the pair of substrates. In addition, a step pattern with which the spacers are to come into contact is formed in advance on the other of the pair of substrates so that the heights of the spacers can be made different.

Abstract: In order to prevent irreversible deformation of column-shaped spacers which retain the gap between a pair of substrates between which the liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal display device is interposed, spacers which assist in preventing such irreversible deformation are newly provided. According to the invention, two or more kinds of spacers which differ in height from a reference surface are disposed on one of the pair of substrates. In addition, a step pattern with which the spacers are to come into contact is formed in advance on the other of the pair of substrates so that the heights of the spacers can be made different.

Abstract: The present invention realizes an image display of high quality by eliminating a defective display which is attributed to a stepped portion of a light shielding film which is generated in a boundary region by exposure of two or more times using an exposure mask having a size smaller than a size of a display region. Assuming a width of a scanning line GL as WG, a width of a common line CL as WC, an interval between the scanning line GL and the common line CL as WP, and a width of a light shielding film BM1 as WBM, the relationship WBM<WG+WC+WP is established. Further, both end peripheries of the light shielding film BM1 are positioned between an end periphery of the scanning line GL at a side opposite to the common line CL and an end periphery of the common line CL at a side opposite to the scanning line GL.

Abstract: Detection information for shake is detected by a shake detection unit, predictive shake information is calculated based on the shake detection information, a start position (center) of a correcting operation on an imaging surface of a shake correction unit is determined, and driving of the shake correction unit at the correcting-operation start position is controlled. Accordingly, it is possible to make effective use of a movable range of the shake correction unit for actual hand shake or the like. Thus, a high degree of correction effect can be obtained, so that imaging failures due to hand shake or the like can be remarkably reduced.

Abstract: The present invention realizes an image display of high quality by eliminating a defective display which is attributed to a stepped portion of a light shielding film which is generated in a boundary region by exposure of two or more times using an exposure mask having a size smaller than a size of a display region. Assuming a width of a scanning line GL as WG, a width of a common line CL as WC, an interval between the scanning line GL and the common line CL as WP, and a width of a light shielding film BM1 as WBM, the relationship WBM<WG+WC+WP is established. Further, both end peripheries of the light shielding film BM1 are positioned between an end periphery of the scanning line GL at a side opposite to the common line CL and an end periphery of the common line CL at a side opposite to the scanning line GL.

Abstract: Detection information for shake is detected by a shake detection unit, predictive shake information is calculated based on the shake detection information, a start position (center) of a correcting operation on an imaging surface of a shake correction unit is determined, and driving of the shake correction unit at the correcting-operation start position is controlled. Accordingly, it is possible to make effective use of a movable range of the shake correction unit for actual hand shake or the like. Thus, a high degree of correction effect can be obtained, so that imaging failures due to hand shake or the like can be remarkably reduced.