Abstract: A battery pack comprises a battery and a flexible printed circuit board (FPC) utilized to detect a voltage and a temperature of the battery. The FPC comprises a substrate having a front surface and a back surface, a thermistor which detects a temperature of the battery, temperature detection lines and voltage detection lines. The temperature detection lines are electrically connected to a thermistor and arranged between the back surface and the battery. The voltage detection lines are arranged on the front surface so as to overlap the temperature detection lines in a case that the FPC is observed in a plane view in a transmissive manner from a back surface to a front surface.

Abstract: The process for polymerizing olefins uses a plurality of series-connected polymerization reactors in which at least one of second and subsequent reactors is a vapor-phase polymerization reactor containing a multicomponent gas. The process comprises the steps of: taking the multicomponent gas out of the vapor-phase polymerization reactor; mixing the multicomponent gas with an inert gas which is lighter than at least one component of the multicomponent gas, thereby obtaining a mixed gas; compressing and/or cooling the mixed gas to liquefy a part of the multicomponent gas; discharging at least a part of a gaseous mixture comprising the inert gas and an unliquefied multicomponent gas out of a reaction system; and returning a fluid comprising the remainder of the gaseous mixture and the liquefied multicomponent gas to the vapor-phase polymerization reactor.

Abstract: The process for polymerizing olefins uses a plurality of series-connected polymerization reactors in which at least one of second and subsequent reactors is a vapor-phase polymerization reactor containing a multicomponent gas. The process comprises the steps of: taking the multicomponent gas out of the vapor-phase polymerization reactor; mixing the multicomponent gas with an inert gas which is lighter than at least one component of the multicomponent gas, thereby obtaining a mixed gas; compressing and/or cooling the mixed gas to liquefy a part of the multicomponent gas; discharging at least a part of a gaseous mixture comprising the inert gas and an unliquefied multicomponent gas out of a reaction system; and returning a fluid comprising the remainder of the gaseous mixture and the liquefied multicomponent gas to the vapor-phase polymerization reactor.

Abstract: A green-light-emitting rare gas discharge lamp includes a glass tube filled with at least one selected from the group consisting of xenon, neon, helium, argon and krypton as a rare gas capable of emitting vacuum ultraviolet rays of a wavelength of not more than 200 nm, and includes on an inner surface of the glass tube a layer of a green-light-emitting phosphor having terbium-activated yttrium silicate, whereby it is intended to obtain enhanced performance as a green-light-emitting light source and to put the discharge lamp to practical use as a green-light-emitting light source for office automation equipment, for instance.

Abstract: A hot-cathode type low-pressure rare gas discharge lamp comprises electrodes each of which operate as hot cathode during lighting and which is heated at a temperature ranging from 800.degree. C. to 1200.degree. C., whereby the lamp with an ordinary simple construction can be improved in luminance distribution characteristics, without any loss in life characteristic, and can be put to practical use as an ideal luminous light source for office automation equipment.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus for a discharge lamp in which said lighting apparatus (4) is coupled in series with a discharge lamp (3), said lighting apparatus (4) is composed of a capacitor with a ferroelectric dielectric material having main component Barium-titanate (BaTiO.sub.3), said capacitor satisfying the impedance ratio of the first impedance (Z.sub.1) which is obtained by measuring current for alternate voltage of 5 volts, to the second impedance (Z.sub.2) which is obtained by measuring current for alternate voltage of 500 volt/mm, being less than 1/10 (Z.sub.2 /Z.sub.1 is less than 1/10), thus, the size of the lighting apparatus is small, and the power loss in the same is reduced.

Abstract: A discharge lamp lighting device comprises a discharge lamp (1) with a pair of filaments (101a, 101b), an inductive balast (2) coupled with said lamp (1) and a power supply, a non-linear dielectric element (4) coupled across said lamp (1), a semiconductor switch (3) coupled substantially parallel with said non-linear dielectric element (4), and delay means ((6,7,303c,304b,303d), (8,303c,304b,303b), (9,10,60), (6,11)) for shifting firing phase of said semiconductor switch (3) so that a spike voltage induced by said non-linear dielectric element increases gradually for every cycle of a power supply voltage.

Abstract: A discharge lamp circuit in which the lamp is substantially instantaneously started and in which the power consumption of the lamp after starting is reduced with substantially no vibration due to piezoelectric effects and caused by currents flowing through a nonlinear dielectric element. An inductive stabilizer is connected in series with one of the filaments of the discharge lamp and a nonlinear circuit is connected in parallel with the filaments of the discharge lamp. The nonlinear circuit is composed of a nonlinear dielectric element and a bidirectional switching means connected in parallel with the nonlinear dielectric element. A reverse-conductive circuit is connected in series with the nonlinear circuit and in parallel with the filaments of the discharge lamp, the reverse-conductive circuit including a reverse-conductive semiconductor switch mean which is conduction-controlled in the forward direction but which is always conductive in the reverse direction.

Abstract: The disclosed firing device comprises a fluorescent lamp serially connected to an inductive stabilizer, a first semiconductor switch including an SCR connected across the fluorescent lamp, and a nonlinear dielectric element serially connected to a parallel combination of a PNPN switch as a second semiconductor switch and a discharging circuit across the fluorescent lamp. The discharging circuit may comprise a resistor alone. The first semiconductor switch may include a semiconductor diode and a PNPN switch and the discharging circuit may include a resistor connected across series combination of a semiconductor diode. Alternatively, the discharging circuit may include a Zener diode and a resistor serially interconnected.

Abstract: A built-in starter type fluorescent lamp socket in which the starter is entirely incorporated with the socket with no protruding parts and in which it is not necessary to replace the starter. The socket includes a socket body, pairs of starter contacts and power source contacts operatively positioned in the socket body for making connection with fluorescent lamp pins, and an electronic starter positioned in the socket body and connected to the starter contacts. The electronic starter includes a non-linear dielectric element and a thyristor coupled in parallel and across the starter contacts. The anode of the thyristor is coupled through a Zener diode to the common connection point between voltage division resistors also coupled across the starter contacts. The socket body may include a casing having lamp pin inserting holes and a cover for covering the rear side of the casing wherein the cover may be shaped in the form of a box in which the electronic starter is mounted.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp starting device in which an electronic starter is provided in the form of a hybrid integrated circuit which is mounted in a standard glow starter case and which can be utilized in a standard glow starter socket of a fluorescent lamp fixture. A nonlinear capacitor and semiconductor switch are coupled in parallel with another and across the external terminals of the starter. The nonlinear capacitor is provided in the form of a thin plate while the semiconductor switch is provided on an IC substrate substantially equal in size to the nonlinear capacitor.

Abstract: An improved starter switch which provides a rapid firing of a fluorescent lamp within 0.8 second has been found. An external appearance and the size of the present starter switch are almost the same as those of a prior glow switch which is slow to fire a fluorescent lamp, therefore, the present starter switch is replaceable to a prior glow switch by merely inserting the present starter switch to a socket of a prior glow switch. The present starter switch has a connector cap which is to be able to be engaged with a socket for a glow switch, a printed circuit board mounting circuit components and connected to said connector cap by lead lines, and a housing fixed to said cap and covering said printed circuit board.

Abstract: A discharge lamp starting device such as for a fluorescent lamp in which a nonlinear capacitor is connected in parallel with a discharge lamp with a Zener diode connected in series with the nonlinear capacitor. A semiconductor switching device, such as a diode thyristor, is connected in parallel with the discharge lamp. Due to the presence of the Zener diode, the semiconductor switching device can have a wide range of threshold voltage so that the cost of the device is low.